Section 1 Genetics, a Science about Similarities and Differences
The Science of genetics focuses on a material that links generations and that explains the similarities and differences among individuals.
DNA as the Genetic material Genetics and Evolution Levels of Genetic Analysis Genetics in the World: Applications of Genetics to Human Endeavors
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Key Points
DNA is the hereditary material in all life forms except some types of viruses, in which RNA is the hereditary material. The Human Genome Project determined the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the human genome. Sequencing the DNA of a genome provides the data to identify and catalogue all the genes of an organism.
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The process of mutation has another aspect—it introduces variability into the genetic material of organisms. Over time, the mutant genes created by mutation may spread through a population much like the mutant β-globin (珠蛋白) gene has spread in some human populations. These changes in the genetic composition of a population are the basis of biological evolution.
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《费曼物理学讲义》前言
我讲授的主要目的，不是帮助你们应付考 试，也不是帮你们为工业或国防服务。我 最希望做到的是，让你们欣赏这奇妙的世 界以及物理学观察它的方法”。
著名物理学家 Richard Phillips Feynman
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Key Points
When DNA replicates, each strand of a duplex molecule serves as the template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. When genetic information is expressed, one strand of a gene’s DNA duplex (双螺旋) is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA. For most genes, RNA synthesis (transcription, 转录) generates a molecule (the RNA transcript) that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA)
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The central dogma of molecular biology
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Mutation: Changing Genetic Information
The nature and consequence of a mutation in the gene for human βglobin. Glutamic acid valine 谷氨酸 缬氨酸
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Mendel proposed that pea plants carry two copies of each gene. These copies may be same or different. During reproduction, one of the copies is randomly incorporated into each sex cell or gamete.
《遗传学》
生物技术系
乔中东
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教学安排 (共34学时)
第一章绪 论 2学时 第二章 细胞生殖和模式遗传生物 4学时 第三章 孟德尔学说：遗传的基本原则 4学时 第四章 孟德尔学说的扩展 4学时 第五章 孟德尔学说的染色体基础 4学时 第六章 染色体结构和数量的变化 2学时 第七章 真核生物的连锁、交换和染色体作图 4学时 第八章 微生物的遗传学 4学时 第九章 线粒体和叶绿体的遗传学 2学时 第十章 复杂性状的遗传 2学时 第十一章 群体遗传学 2学时
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1、Mendel: Genes and the Rules of Inheritance
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Mendel’s method involved hybridizing plants that showed different traits—for example, short plants were hybridized with tall plants—to see how the traits were inherited by the offspring.
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3、The Human Genome Project: Sequencing DNA and Cataloguing Genes
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Key Points
Mendel postulated the existence of genes to explain how traits are inherited. Alleles, the alternate forms of genes, account for heritable differences among individuals. James Watson and Francis Crick elucidated the structure of DNA, a macromolecule composed of two complementary chains of nucleotides.
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பைடு நூலகம்34
DNA Replication: Propagating Genetic Information
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Gene Expression: Using Genetic Information
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Key Points
Genetics is the study of the hereditary materials. The hereditary material explains both the similarities and differences among organisms.
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Section 2 Three Great Milestones in Genetics
Genetics is rooted in the research of Gregor Mendel, a monk who discovered how traits are inherited. The molecular basis of heredity was revealed when James Watson and Francis Crick elucidated the structure of DNA. The human Genome Project is currently engaged in the derailed analysis of human DNA.
我的联系方式
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上海外滩夜景
思源湖畔读书
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Chapter Outline
Genetics, a Science about Similarities and Differences Three Great Milestones in Genetics
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The defining feature of the hereditary material is that it passes from one generation to the next.