早期監測在腫瘤治療中最重要
Techniques used in molecular pathology
• DNA level
• Mutation analysis • Comparative genomic hybridisatioitu hybridisation
A series of events, initiation, promotion and progression, that leads to the development of an invasive cancer
腫瘤發生的多步驟學說
Oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes
200000 180000 160000 140000 120000 100000
80000 60000 40000 20000
0
prostate
breast
lung
colon
new cases death cure rate
Risk factors
Contact carcinogens: smoking, aflatoxin, nitrite, nitrisamine, radiation, UV light, … … etc.
(FISH) • Mutation screening with arrays
• RNA level
• Gene expression-transcription • cDNA and oligonucleotide arrays • Serial analysis of gene expression
Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
任志平 Zhi-Ping Ren MD PhD
Sanjiu Medical & Wellness Center Toronto (416) 497-6339
Research Institute
腫瘤的發生是一個非常複雜的過程
Cancer is a disease of abnormal DNA Cancer is a somatic cell genetic disease
Any single step goes wrong, problems will come
Multiple steps carcinogenesis
腫瘤診治及中西醫療法新進展
What is cancer? How to treat cancer? Can cancer be prevented?
甚麼是腫瘤? 如何診治? 中西醫療法
腫瘤能預防嗎?
The accurrence of cancer is a very complicated process
Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology TMDT Building 101 College St. East Tower 15th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5J 1L7 Canada
New Progress of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
• Tissue arrays; functional genomics
• Other techniques used in molecular pathology
• Microdissection • Knockout and transgenic organisms • Quantitative and real-time PCR • Bioinformatics and data mining • Diagnostics, biomarkers and drug
(SAGE) • Detecting mutations and
polymorphisms with arrays • Differential display and
representational difference analysis
• Protein level
• Gene expression: translationproteomics and mass spectrometry
development • ……
Microdissection
Microdissection History
• Laser capture microdissection. Emmert-Buck MR, Bonner RF, Smith PD, Chuaqui RF, Zhuang Z, Goldstein SR, Weiss RA, Liotta LA. Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):998-1001
• Inherited cancer (internal cause) • Sporadic cancer (external cause)
每種不同的腫瘤都有自己的惡變途徑 包括先天及後天因素
Incidence, mortality and cure rates of the most commonly diagnosed cancers
Oncogenes
Other factors
Normal 正常細胞
Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ
異常增生
原位癌
Cancer 癌
Metastasis 轉移癌
Each different cancer has its own pathway from benign to malignant
危險因素: 接觸致癌物, 吸煙, 黃曲霉毒素, 亞硝 酸鹽, 亞硝酸胺, 放射線, 紫外線, … … 等.
The most important thing in cancer management is early detection
• Axiom: Early detection of cancer leads to cure