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高三英语总复习语法句子成分和基本句型

I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
宾语
• 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短 语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
• I have something to do.
• It is a swimming pool.
种类 类型
主语S 谓语动词 表语/宾语
v
p
宾语 0
宾补oc
第1种 S+V 第2种 S+V+0
• I saw him enter the hall.
• The boss keeps them working all day.
• I heard my name called.
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发 生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词, 介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当, 也可由从句来充当.
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语 (predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语 (attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基 础。
• 它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现 在分词和过去分词充当. • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red.
他的脸红了。
系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使 用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语, 系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。
一、系动词的分类:
常见的系动词大致可分为三类。
第一类:表示特征或状态的,有be, look, feel , seem , appear , smell , taste , sound, turn out(结果是、证明是)等。
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
I think that he is good guy.
宾语补足语
• 在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思, 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.
He is writing with a pen.
定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数 词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词, 从句都可以充当定语.
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? A broken vase.
• I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.
They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.
表语:
• 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词, 形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词, 短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.
第3种 S+v+p
We work
He
plays violin.
We
are
students
第4种 S+v+IO+DO
she gave
me
a pen.
第5种 S+V+O+OC
He made me
laugh
基本句型 一: S V P (主+系+表)
S │V(是系动词)│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love.
他堕入了
一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
• 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从 句充当.它的位置一般在句首.
The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.
谓语:
• 谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由 简单动词或者动词短语构成.
高三英语总复习语法
句子成分和基本 句型
什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第
一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? !
I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !
句子包括哪些成分?
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