Eg. She’s already eighty years old.
It was already very late.
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经” Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet.
Have you had breakfast yet?
注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引 导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于 how long引导的问句中.
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问 句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: I haven’t done my homework yet. 一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?
3. ever在现在完成时中的用法
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经” Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing.
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4. never在现在完成时中的用法
否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.
hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led
3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如：begin-began-begun
→ Has he written to you since you have been ill?
→ He hasn’t written to me since I have been ill
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：
1） AAA型(三种都一样) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut
注: 对for或since引导的时间状 语提问 必须用how long, 绝不能 用when.
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?
She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
No, never.
5. just在现在完成时中的用法
用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done?
6. before在现在完成时中的用法
用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?
grow grew grown ring rang rung
break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come
become became become
run ran run
1. 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别
1.Already
肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”
（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.
→Have you seen him since his wedding day?
→I haven’t seen him since his wedding day .
• He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句)
一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常见) = I’ve had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是 现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有 动词的过去分词.
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
一、构成: have/has+动词过去分词
二、含义:
(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事 情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它 强调的是过去的动作同现在的联 系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
句式构成
1.肯定句:
S(主语）+have/has(助动词） +PP(过去分词)+(其他）。
2. 否定句:
S ( 语)+have/has+not +PP(过 去句
Have/has+ S (主语)+PP(过去分 词)?
Yes, S+have/has. No, S+have/hasn’t.
2. since + (表示过去某一时间的)时间点 词组
从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将 ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作 否定回答时可用“No, never.”
Eg. He has ever made dumplings.
否定句: He has never made dumplings. Have they ever travelled by train?
(定义二) 表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现 在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通 常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
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1.for + 一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.