注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将 ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作 否定回答时可用“No, never.”
Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句: He has never made dumplings. Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.
(定义二) 表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现 在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通 常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
1.for + 一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since + (表示过去某一时间的)时间点
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
瞬间性动词 buy borrow come go/leave
延续性动词
5.短暂动词和
have keep be here
延续动词转换
be away (from)
open/close
begin/start end/finish die catch a cold
be open/ be closed
3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run

（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.
→Have you seen him since his wedding day? →I haven’t seen him since his wedding day .
• He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句)
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
一、构成: have/has+动词过去分词
二、含义:
(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事 情对现在的影响和产生的结果 . 它 强调的是过去的动作同现在的联 系.常用的时间状语有 already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
→ Has he written to you since you have been ill?
→ He hasn’t written to me since I have been ill
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式： 1） AAA型(三种都一样) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led
5. just在现在完成时中的用法 用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. I’ve just had breakfast. What have they just done?
6. before在现在完成时中的用法 用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?
• 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相 同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 • 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与 原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d][red]-[red]。
ABA
有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:
run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome
ABB(含规则动词)
原型 -eep -ell 过去式 过去分词 -ept -old -ept -old 例词 keep,sweep,sleep sell,tell
-d -ay
-n -ee-
-t -aid
-nt -e-
-t -aid
-nt -e-
lend,spend,send,build say,pay,lay
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问 句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
Eg. I have already done my homework.
否定句: I haven’t done my homework yet.
一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?
be on
be over
be dead have a cold be interested in be married
become interested in
get married
瞬间性动词 put on get up wake up fall asleep join arrive/reach
延续性动词 wear
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
注 3): 短暂性动词不能和 for 或 since 引 导的时间状语连用 , 当然也不能用于 how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years.
3. ever在现在完成时中的用法
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经” Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?
4. never在现在完成时中的用法
否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.
词组 从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注 : 对 for 或 since 引导的时间状 语提问 必须用how long, 绝不能 用when.
He has lived in Beijing since 1999.
自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然在北京。）
He lived in Bejing in 1999.
在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）
用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）
• 1.--______ pen? (mend) Have you _________your mended • --Yes, I _______. have • --When_______ did you _______ mend it? • --I __________ mended it yesterday. • 2.--How do you like the film? • --Ihaven’t ____________(not see) such a moving film seen • before. • lie’s sister _______(join) joined the club last week. • So she _________(be) in the club for nearly has been • one week.
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是 现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有 动词的过去分词. Eg. She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late.
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经” Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?
burn,learn,mean meet,feed
-ought
-aught
-ought
-aught
bring,buy,fight,think
catch,teach
ABB(含规则动词)
1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had lose-lost-lost feel-felt-felt stand-stood-stood leave-left-left make-made-made spell-spelt-spelt
不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词 巧记规律
• • • •
AAA: put– put –put let—let –let ABA: become—became—become ABB: stand—stood—stood ABC: eat— ate—eaten
AAA
• • • • • cost-cost-cost put-put-put let-let-let beat-beat-beat hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read cut-cut-cut set-set-set hit-hit-hit spit-spit-spit
=Five years has passed since I joined the army.