Simple Present for Future Events: Function The simple present is used to make statements about events at a time later than now, when the statements are based on present facts, and when these facts are something fixed like a time-table, schedule, calendar.
过去将来时间表示法
• • • • • • • 1)would +do 2)would be doing/have been doing 3)was were going to + do 4)was/were to + do 5)was/were doing 6)一般过去式 7)was/were about to + do
The example sentences below correspond to the ideas above:
• • • • • • • • There will be snow in many areas tomorrow. I'm meeting Jim at the airport. We're going to spend the summer abroad. The plane takes off at 3 a.m. I think it's going to rain! We'll give you a lift to the cinema. This time next week I'll be sun-bathing. h. You'll be seeing John in the office tomorrow, won't you? • You are to travel directly to London. • The train is about to leave. • A month from now he will have finished all his exams.
1. will/shall+不定式
• 往往夹杂着情态意义，即常带有说话人的 主观态度和看法 • 1）表示预见(Prediction) • The next train to Beijing will leave at 8 a.m. • You will feel better after taking this medicine. • We shall know the result next week. • Do you think it will rain tomorrow?
2. Future: Present Continuous for the Future: Function The present continuous is used to talk about arrangements for events at a time later than now. There is a suggestion that more than one person is aware of the event, and that some preparation has already happened. e.g. I'm meeting Jim at the airport = and both Jim and I have discussed this. I am leaving tomorrow. = and I've already bought my train ticket. We're having a staff meeting next Monday = and all members of staff have been told about it. More examples Is she seeing him tomorrow? He isn't working next week. They aren't leaving until the end of next year. We are staying with friends when we get to Boston. Note: in example (a), seeing is used in a continuous form because it means meeting.
• 3) 在疑问句中will/shall还可用来征询听话人 的“意图” • Will you be at home at seven this morning? • What shall I do with your mail? • When shall we see you next?
2. will/shall+不定式进行体/完成体
Be going to-v
• 1. 意图 • 2.预见
• Simple future, function • The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainty. In this case there is no 'attitude'. • The simple future is used: • to predict a future event: It will rain tomorrow. • (with I/we) to express a spontaneous decision: I'll pay for the tickets by credit card. • to express willingness: I'll do the washing-up. He'll carry your bag for you. • (in the negative form) to express unwillingness: The baby won't eat his soup. I won't leave until I've seen the manager! • (with I in the interrogative form) to make an offer: Shall I open the window? • (with we in the interrogative form) to make a suggestion: Shall we go to the cinema tonight? • (with I in the interrogative form) to ask for advice or instructions: What shall I tell the boss about this money? • (with you) to give orders: You will do exactly as I say. • (with you) to give an invitation: Will you come to the dance with me? Wiroduction
• There are a number of different ways of referring to the future in English. It is important to remember that we are expressing more than simply the time of the action or event. Obviously, any 'future' tense will always refer to a time 'later than now', but it may also express our attitude to the future event.
第13讲
将来时间表示法
• • • •
一般将来时 will do 将来进行体 will be doing 将来完成体 will have done 将来完成进行体 will have been doing
表示将来时间的多种结构
• 1) will/shall + do • 2)will/shall+be doing/have done/have been doing • 3)be going to +do • 4)be +doing(现在进行体) • 5)be to +do • 6)一般现在时
• 2) 意愿(Willingness)或意图(Intention) • I will do it, if you like. • I promise to pay him back in time, but he won’t lend it to me. • I’ll go and see Tom as soon as I get to Shanghai.
• 2)“will/shall+不定式进行体”结构也可以表 示将来某一时刻或时段里正在进行的动作。 • I will be working in Geneva during May. • What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
• “Will/shall+不定式完成体”表示将来某一时 刻之前已完成的动作 • I’ll have finished my work by five this afternoon. • Before long he will have forgotten all about it.
All of the following ideas can be expressed using different tenses: