---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------英语语法分词高三英语总复习语法系列训练分词1/ 20一、形式△ 现在分词:现在分词:主动形式一般式完成式 doing having done被动形式being done having been done△ 过去分词只有一种形式。
过去分词只有一种形式。
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 二、功能1.作表语 2.作定语 3.作状语 4.作宾语补足语 5. 现在分词的完成形式和被动形式 6. 独立结构3/ 201.作表语。
现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性;过去分词作表语。
现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性;多表示主语所处的状态,多表示主语所处的状态,如: The news was exciting. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed. He appeared satisfied with my answer. He seemed quite delighted at the idea. Don’t get excited. 注①:已经成为形容词的分词,可以用 very 修饰;没有完全成为已经成为形容词的分词,修饰;形容词的分词宜用 much 或 quite,有时也可用,有时也可用very much,如:,I’m very much pleased. He’s very much worried about his health.---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 注②:过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。
过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。
系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调说明主语的状态或具有的性质谓语动作,指主语所承受的动作。
此外还有:谓语动作,指主语所承受的动作。
此外还有:系表结构:常用一般现在或一般过去时态;一般不带状语;系表结构:a. 常用一般现在或一般过去时态;b. 一般不带状语; c. 可以有不及物动词的过去分词。
可以有不及物动词的过去分词。
被动结构:有多种时态,常与主动语态的时态一致;被动结构:a. 有多种时态,常与主动语态的时态一致;b. 可以带时短语作状语;必须是及物动词。
间、方式或 by 短语作状语;c. 必须是及物动词。
The small village is surrounded by trees. (状态状态) 状态 The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (动作动作) 动作 I’m interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me. The sun is risen. This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921.5/ 202.作定语:作定语:单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前,① 单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前,如: touching story / leading cadres / shining example / coming week / skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water / steamed bread Barking dogs seldom bite. Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. 分词作定语时,意义上接近于一个定语从句,注:分词作定语时,意义上接近于一个定语从句,如:developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated 在更多情况下,可以用分词短语作定语,② 在更多情况下,可以用分词短语作定语,这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后,在意义上也相当于一个定语从句,的名词之后,在意义上也相当于一个定语从句,如: Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? They built a highway leading (= which leads) into the mountains. They are problems left (= which have been left) over by history. Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况:③ 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况: a. 表示正在进行的动作 (变为从句时要用进行时态如:表示正在进行的动作, 变为从句时要用进行时态变为从句时要用进行时态), Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager? manager b. 表示经常性的动作或现在 (或当时的状态 (变为从句时用一般时态表示经常性的动作, 或当时) 变为从句时, 或当时的状态, 变为从句时用一般时态), 如: south They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. 过去分词作定语时,④ 过去分词作定语时,过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,也可以是没有一定的时间性,如:之前发生,也可以是没有一定的时间性, Is this the book recommended by our teacher teacher? The meeting held last week is very important. all. He is a man loved by all I hate to see letters written in pencil pencil.7/ 20注① :如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生,或是与谓语所表示的动作同时如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生,发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示,现在分词的被动形式来表示发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示,如: The meeting being held is very important. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here here. 如果所表示的是一个未来的动作,可以用一个不定式的被动形式注②:如果所表示的是一个未来的动作,可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示,来表示,如: The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting meeting. ⑤ 分词还可以作非限制性定语(相当于一个非限制性定语从句),这时,分词还可以作非限制性定语(相当于一个非限制性定语从句)这时,它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开,试比较:它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开,试比较: All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister.---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 本节值得注意的问题:现在分词短语作定语时,⑥ 本节值得注意的问题:现在分词短语作定语时,所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作,也不可以表示将来。
另外,先于谓语所表示的动作,也不可以表示将来。
另外,一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语,所以,下列句子都是错的:词的完成式作定语,所以,下列句子都是错的: Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (应改为应改为who has come from 应改为 Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为应改为who have 应改为 finished) The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. (应改为应改为who gave us) 应改为系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语,此时要用从句来表示,⑦ 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语,此时要用从句来表示,如:应改为Those who are busy don’t Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为应改为 have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (应改为应改为who is) 应改为不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语,⑧ 不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语,若要表示这个意思要用从句,从句,如: The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (应改为应改为 which/that died)9/ 203.作状语:作状语:现在分词作状语,表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况陪衬性的动作或伴随情况,① 现在分词作状语,表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况,如: The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily merrily. They stood there for an hour watching the game. game newspaper. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper 注意:分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作;注意:a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作;b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作(或状态)是同时发生的;c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作,表示的动作(或状态)是同时发生的;分词表示的是比较次要的动作,对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明;大部分放在谓语之后;对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明;d. 大部分放在谓语之后;e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。