Who Will Lead? (cont)
➢ Demographic background of leaders
▪ Height, weight, & age ▪ Ethnicity ▪ Sex: Bias against women (even thought women
possess more skills needed to be a successful leader).
What is Leadership ?
“The process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement” (Stogdill, 1950, p. 3)
▪ Trait Model: The great leader theory ▪ Situational Model ▪ Interactional Model: depends on the leader,
followers, and the Great Man Theory
only the great people possessed them
The Great Man Theory
➢ Personal qualities of leaders
▪ Personality traits, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness.
➢ Practically
▪ productively, economically, idealistically
➢ Personally
▪ interpersonally, ethically, selfishly
➢ Scientifically
▪ empirically, conceptually
Contingency Approaches
Three key components to this definition: - an interpersonal process between one person and
a group - can’t have ‘leaders’ without ‘followers’ - criterion for effective leadership = goal
Implicit leadership theories (ILTs): members general beliefs about the qualities of leaders
Eagly’s social role theory: ILTs are not consistent with intuitive expectations about men & women: “think leader, think male”
▪ Reciprocal ▪ Transactional ▪ Transformational ▪ Cooperative ▪ Adaptive
Leadership Myths?
➢ Leadership is power (with people rather than over people)
➢ Leaders are born (but leaders are also “made”) ➢ All groups have leaders (large groups tend to
require a leader) ➢ People resist their leaders (most groups accept
the need for a leader)
Leadership myths (cont.)
➢ Leaders make or break their groups
➢ Early explanations of leadership studied the “traits” of great leaders
▪ “Great man” theories (Gandhi, Lincoln, Napoleon) ▪ Belief that people were born with these traits and
achievement
What is Leadership?
➢ Leadership: guidance of others in their pursuits, often by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting, and motivating their efforts.
The “romance of leadership” exaggerates the impact of a leader
Leaders do make a difference (e.g., sports teams)
Who Will Lead?
➢ Perspectives on leadership emergence
▪ Intelligence and emotional intelligence (degree of social skill).
▪ Expertise, skill, and experience. ▪ Level of participation in discussion: the
“babble effect.”
LEADERSHIP
Chapter 11
Leadership Matters….
➢ Intellectually
▪ historically, psychologically, sociologically
➢ Politically
▪ societally, culturally, globally, communally, & perhaps idealistically