▪ Trait Model: The great leader theory ▪ Situational Model ▪ Interactional Model: depends on the leader,
followers, and the group situation.
The Great Man Theory
Contingency Approaches
Three key components to this definition: - an interpersonal process between one person and
a group - can’t have ‘leaders’ without ‘followers’ - criterion for effective leadership = goal
LEADERSHIP
Chapter 11
Leadership Matters….
➢ Intellectually
▪ historically, psychologically, sociologically
➢ Politically
▪ societally, culturally, globally, communally, & perhaps idealistically
▪ Intelligence and emotional intelligence (degree of social skill).
▪ Expertise, skill, and experience. ▪ Level of participation in discussion: the
“babble effect.”
Implicit leadership theories (ILTs): members general beliefs about the qualities of leaders
Eagly’s social role theory: ILTs are not consistent with intuitive expectations about men & women: “think leader, think male”
achievement
What is Leadership?
➢ Leadership: guidance of others in their pursuits, often by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting, and motivating their efforts.
➢ Practically
▪ productively, economically, idealistically
➢ Personally
▪ interpersonally, ethically, selfishly
➢ Scientifically
▪ empirically, conceptually
The “romance of leadership” exaggerates the impact of a leader
Leaders do make a difference (e.g., sports teams)
Who Will Lead?
➢ Perspectives on leadership emergence
Who Will Lead? (cont)
➢ Demographic background of leaders
▪ Height, weight, & age ▪ Ethnicity ▪ Sex: Bias against women (even thought women
possess more skills needed to be a successful leader).
➢ Early explanations of leadership studied the “traits” of great leaders
▪ “Great man” theories (Gandhi, Lincoln, Napoleon) ▪ Belief that people were born with these traits and
▪ Reciprocal ▪ Transactional ▪ Transformational ▪ Cooperative ▪ Adaptive
Leadership Myths?
➢ Leadership is power (with people rather than over people)
➢ Leaders are”) ➢ All groups have leaders (large groups tend to
require a leader) ➢ People resist their leaders (most groups accept
the need for a leader)
Leadership myths (cont.)
➢ Leaders make or break their groups
What is Leadership ?
“The process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement” (Stogdill, 1950, p. 3)
only the great people possessed them
The Great Man Theory
➢ Personal qualities of leaders
▪ Personality traits, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness.