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词汇学第六章Culturally-loaded words分析



Siren莎琳
她是海洋里的半人半鸟的仙女,常用甜美 的歌喉引诱水手。使其葬身大海:因此, 英语中 siren 被用来指“任何妖艳、勾引人 的女人”。这类词汇可以归类到喻意词汇。 “喻意词汇”往往是将希腊神话的人名不 作任何改变或稍加改变来使用。
Echo厄科 她是神话中的一个小仙女,但由于太多话 而被天后赫拉剥夺了自主说话的能力,她 所能说的唯一的一句话是别人对她说的最 后几个字,英语中 echo 便有了“回声”的 意思。
Let’s take a piece of plants words for example to show you what is cultureloaded words and a comparative study of culture-loaded words in Chinese and American English.
Red bean 红豆
In Chinese: In English:
相思豆,象征爱情和思念: 见利忘义,为了眼前的微 红豆生南国,春来发几枝。 小利益而出卖原则:sell
愿君多采集,此物最相思。 —王维《相思》
one’s birthright for some red-bean stew
Culturallyloaded words
Definition
In the language system ,culture-loaded words are the vocabulary which can best embody the cultural information that a language carries and they also reflect the social life.
Same words, similar cultural associations
草 glass 橡树 Oak 默默无闻 勇敢、坚强者 草民、草头百 Grass roots 姓 《致橡树》舒婷 The heart of oak
月桂树 Laurel
橄榄枝 olive branch 桃 peach
荣耀、胜利
和平、友好
蟾宫折桂
Gain one’s laurel
橄榄绿色,爱 Hold out the olive branch 好和平 面似桃花,桃 Peach cheeks 腮
美貌(女子)
1.Place Name
Athens雅典 源于希腊神话中的智慧女神雅典娜 (Athena) ,希腊神话中最有威力的女神之 一。传说她与海神渡寒冬 (Poseidon) 竞争 希腊南端的一块土地,海神劈山驱石以显 示自己的威力,而雅典娜种出了第一棵橄 榄树以示和平安宁,当地居民爱好和平, 拥护她为庇护神,从此该地命名为雅典。
3.Month
January(一月) Janus is The Roman gods, guarded gate of heaven. March(三月) According to the Roman god Mars ’ s name. The Romans took him and thunder, electricity together. March was a month of storms. May(五月) According to the goddess Maia's name. June(六月) According to the God Jupiter's wife, the name of the goddess Juno
Same literal meaning, different cultural connotations.
In Chinese
菊 chrysanthemum
In English
高雅,坚毅,淡泊; wealth 长寿;君子,佳友。
牡丹 peony 柏树 cypress
荣华富贵
lonely
如松树般象征坚贞, mourning 长寿
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Culturally- loaded words refer to those words or phrases which convey a certain kind of cultural connotations or associations which may or may not be found in other languages or cultures. 在语言系统中,最能体现语言承载的文化信息、反映 人类的社会生活的词汇就是文化负载词。
Apple 苹果
In Chinese:
平平安安 (“苹”与 “平”同音所 致) In English (蛇果) 掌上明珠,宝贝: the apple of one’s eyes 纽约:the big apple 棒球运动:He likes to play apple. 同伴,家伙:a bed apple (坏蛋) a good apple (张扬的年轻人)
(圣经中以扫为了一碗红豆 汤而出卖长子权的故事)
Willow 柳
In Chinese:
In English:
悲哀与忧愁,有失落和死 离愁别恨引起的忧伤 亡的象征意义: (留):“奏楼月, 年年柳色,霸陵伤别” Wear the willow:失恋, 悲悼心爱者的去世 女子身段、姿色:柳 (莎士比亚《奥赛罗》) 眉,柳腰 风尘女子:寻花问柳
4. Astronomical Name
天河、银河(Milk Way) It is the road leading to the Temple of Zeus, is the ideal way to heaven, is said to be paved with milk. 水星(Mercury):Messenger of the gods Mercury 金星(Venus):Venus is the goddess of love and beauty. 火星(Mars):Mars is the god of war 木星(Jupiter):the name of the Roman god Zeus 土星(Saturn):the Roman god of agriculture 海王星(Neptune):Poseidon 冥王星(Pluto):God Hades
Narcissus 水仙
In Chinese: 清雅,高洁:
In English: Narcissism(自恋): Narcissus who is so handsome falls in love with his own shadow in the river and eventually he became into a narcissus.
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