当前位置:
文档之家› 6英语词汇学第六章_同义反义上下义汇总
6英语词汇学第六章_同义反义上下义汇总
• • • •
代表整体的词:holonym 代表局部的词:meronym 属于局部的词: co-meronyms共局部词 e.g: book: holonym cover/page: co-meronyms 共局部词
•
Plant
• leaf, bud, stem, root, flower, shoot • • Petal stamen
semantic component.
( Jost Trier / German 1930’s)
• words of a semantic field are not synonyms but are joined together by some common semantic component
(between the genus(类概念) and the species(种概念).
Note:***---grammatical structure: • He likes dogs and other animals. • There is no flower more beautiful than a rose. • I like all fruits except bananas. • She reads books all day---mostly novels.
semantic field theory 语义场理论 • vocab. of a language is not just a listing of independent items, but organized into areas or fields, the members of which are joined together by some common
• words in the same semantic field may have a number of collocations in common • pork /beef -------fry,stew, roast,raw
3. Hyponymy 词与词之间的上下义关系 (hierarchical classifications) 3.1.Hyponymy--semantic inclusion语义内包) ---- relationship which obtains between general and specific lexical items
**** meronymy(局部与整体关系)
Meronymy---a term used to describe a partwhole relationship between lexical items. cover/page → book
X is part of Y. A page is part of a book. Y has X. A book has pages. (hierarchical classifications.)
• Furniture • bed,table,sofa.chair
• (co-hyponym共下义词) • ---set of terms which are hyponyms of the same sup. relationship between superordinate and hyponym: relative Living • (plant ) (animal ) • (tree flower bush ) (tiger wolf sheep )
• (pine oak maple ) • (white pine/ yellow pine )
ram ewe lamb
3.4. use of superordinate and hyponym General terms : vague / trite ( thing, go) ---Specific words ------ add force , clarity,and evoke vivid pictures. walk
Main contents: (semantic field) 1.)definition of hyponymy 2. ) superordinate and hyponym 3. ) relationship between superordinate and hyponym 4. ) use of superordinate and hyponym 5. ) meronymy
4. synonymy
词与词之间的同义关系
Main contents:
4.1.definition of synonymy 4.2. sources of synonyms 4. 3. kinds of synonyms # differences between relative synonyms 4.4. effects of synonyms
4.1. definition of synonymy synonymy : ---refers to the sameness relation between words.
Synonym: --a word that is equivalent in sense to another word.
• Move
•
Walk run jog swim
fly
3.2. superordinate and hyponym 上义词/下义词 superordinate or upper term: ---the more inclusive words hyponym, lower term or subordinate: ---the more specific words • kinship: father /mother/brother/cousin • process of cooking: roast, boil, cook, grill