动词-ing形式的句法功能一、做主语;e.g. Reading good books makes us <happy>. Coming to Hangzhou bytrain takes about 16 hours.通常为了避免主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语(请改写上面两个句子)1.2.常用于固定句型It’s a waste of time doing sth / It’s no/little good/use doing sthe.g. Its no use arguing with you.（argue 和……争吵、争辩）It’s a waste of time working on this problem. / Its no use reasoning with him. / Its no good reading in dim light./ Its no good crying over spilt milk.( cry over sth 为……而哭泣。
Cry for sth 哭闹着要什么东西。
Spill/spilt/spilt vt.溢出、溅出) Its no good quarrelling about it any longer. ( quarrel vi.争吵) 并列句中用动词-ing形式做主语时应该具备一致性，即两个分句都用动词-ing形式做主语。
Eg. Swimming is good for your health and doing eye-exercises is good for your eyes. 简单句中如果主语和表语是同位关系，也应该注意动词-ing形式的一致性，即主语和表语均使用动词-ing形式. Eg Seeing is believing.二、动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式作宾语，常见的有（需要记住）：Enjoy/consider/escape/avoid 喜欢考虑不逃避Stop/give up/object to/risk 停止放弃不冒险Admit/understand/be worth 承认理解很值得Mind/imagine/delay/put off 反对想象莫推迟Require/finish/look forward to要求完成是期望Suggest/keep on/practice 建议继续勤操练Cant help/excuse/insist on 不禁原谅要坚持Go on/appreciate/succeed in 继续欣赏便成功注意appreciate 后面只能接“事”作宾语，不能接“人”作宾语，与thank 用法相反。
Eg. we will appreciate hearing from you again.We will thank you for your letterI appreciate your kindness.( ) I appreciate you for your kindness.( )He thanked her for her kindness.( ) He thanked her kindness. ( )请翻译几个句子：1。
He should avoid doing tasks that require great alertness, such as driving a car. (alertness.警觉) 2. Mr smith is considering buying a computer, which is consider to be a great help in our work orstudy.3.I could not resist telling him the secret. （resist 忍受、反对、抵抗）4. The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.5.（1）Wood is used[ to make into desks] (be used to +动词原形表示“被用于”).（2）I used to have a walk after supper, but now I am used to playing basketball.Used to do sth 表示过去经常做的事情be used to doing sth 表示“习惯于做的事情”。
又如：I am used to shopping alone. She is used to getting up early.6.when he heard his father had gone, he could not help crying.7.I can not stand sitting and doing nothing / I can not stand working with him./ I can not stand being laughed at./ I can not stand feeling guilty.(有罪的、内疚的)8.she did not feel like eating anything yesterday9.Both of my parents insisted on buying a computer for me, but I think it is not necessary.10. We look forward to meeting you again.11. You should not devote your spare time to playing computer games.Doctors and nurses should devote themselves to looking after the sickShe devoted herself to teaching.12. I have great difficulty (in) dealing with others./ we had much trouble in finding the Tomshouse请比较：forget to do sth / forget doing sth remember to do sth / remember doing sth Regret /stop / try /mean /go on /cant help to do sthRegret /stop / try /mean /go on /cant help doing sth请翻译几个句子：1.Dont forget to lock the door when you leave2.I remember returning the book to the library.3.I regret having told her earlier / I regret to tell you that I will leave tomorrow4.He stopped reading. / He stopped to read.三、动词-ing形式及其短语作宾语补足语（1）表示感官的动词see hear feel watch find notice(注意到) catch（撞见、偶然发觉）observed（看到、注意到）sb doing sth 表示动作正在进行。
1.He observed a stranger hanging near the gate of the school.2. I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office.3.I felt someone patting on the should.4.I noticed them talking in low voices.5.The police caught him stealing a car.6.He saw a girl getting on the bus./ He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off. (用动词原形表示动作的全过程)7.I noticed the boy _____________(beat) by his mother.8.Do you mind _______(jim)______________(leave) alone at home?9.While shopping, people sometimes cannot help ______________(persuade) into buyingsomething they don’t really need. ( she persuaded me into buying it )(2) 表示“使役”的动词have make get leave keep (重点) set catchI am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.三、动词-ing形式作表语Eg Travelling is interesting but tiring. / This food smells inviting (吸引人的、诱人的) My favorite sport is swimming. / Their job is cleaning the floor.把动词-ing形式当成形容词或名词四、动词-ing形式作定语(一)、单个动词-ing形式作前置定语A walking stick = a stick for walking / a racing bicycle = a bicycle for racingA sleeping car =a car for sleeping. 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能A walking child =a child who is walking / a sleeping girl = a girl who is sleeping说明被修饰名词的动作和状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句（二）作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面Eg The man standing by the window is our teacher(三)、作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如果两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。