定语从句与宾语从句定语从句一. 定语从句的基本概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词where, when, why。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
例：This is the boy who often helps me.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。
例：I don’t like people who talk much but do little.2. 作宾语例：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
例：What’s the name of the young man whose father is a doctor?4. 作状语例：I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.三. 关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
例：The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
例：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？3. whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。
例：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时可省略。
例：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时可省略。
例：Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
例：I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.7. where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
例：The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.【注意】关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
例：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四. 特殊用法1. 只用that不用which 的情况（1）先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例：All that he said is true.（2）先行词被only, no, any, one of等词修饰时。
例：The giant panda is one of the most lovely animals in the world that live in the mountains of China. （3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例：The desk is the second thing that I have made. .（4）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
例：This is the best book that I have read this year.（5）先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例：He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.2. 只用which不用that 的情况（1）在非限制性定语从中。
例：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.（2）定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。
例：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.定语从句练习1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ________ he visited five years ago.A. whereB. whoC. that2. The girl ________ is reading is my sisterA. whoB. whomC. which3. They like to live in a house ________ is not very big but bright and comfortable .A. thatB. whoC. what4. When she got home, the first thing ________ she did was to clean the house.A. whichB. whatC. that5. Running man is a very relaxing TV program ________ is hot among the young people.A. whatB. whichC. who6. The photo ________ taken by my brother last week is very nice.A. which wereB. that wereC. which was7. China has the world’s longest high-speed railway ________ we are proud of.A. thatB. whichC. what8. Those people and exciting stories ________ happened in the movie are well worth learning to us.A. whichB. whoC. that9. I don't like those ________ talk much but do little.A. whoB. whoseC. which10. --- Dad, I'm hungry. Do we have anything to eat?--- You can have some bread ________ from the supermarket. It's on the table.A. which I am buyingB. that I will buyC. that I bought11. --- What are you going to do this summer vacation?--- I'm going to start a club to help students ________ not interested in schoolwork.A. who isB. that isC. who are12. --- Don't eat too much junk food.--- You're right. However, I do like the food ________ tastes good.A. thatB. whatC. when13. --- Hi, Kimmy. Do you know Jam Hsiao?--- Sure. He is a popular singer ________ comes from Taiwan.A. whoB. whichC. Whom14. I walked in our garden, ________ Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.A. whichB. whereC. that15. I can think of many cases (例子) ________ students obviously (明显地) knew a lot of English words andexpressions (表达) but couldn’t write a good essay (文章).A. whyB. whichC. where16. --- Why does she always ask you for help?--- There is no one else ________, is there?A. who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turn17. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from which18. Alec asked the policeman ________ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whom19. The sun heats the earth, ________ makes it possible to grow crops.A. whichB. thatC. where20. Is this the factory ________ you visited last week?A. whereB. whichC. when宾语从句一. 宾语从句的分类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。