《促织》知识点整理一、通假字1．昂其直．/而高其直．（直，通“值”，价值、价格）2．而．翁归（而，通“尔”，你的）3．手裁．举（裁，通“才”，刚刚）4．虫跃去尺有．咫（有，通“又”）5．翼．日进宰（翼，通“翌”，次于“今”的）6．牛羊蹄躈．各千计（躈，通“噭”，口）二、古今异义1．市中游侠儿得佳者笼养之①古义：游手好闲、不务正业的人。
②今义：行侠仗义的人。
3．两股．间脓血流离①古义：大腿。
②今义：事物的一部分；量词。
4．儿涕．而去．涕：①古义：哭泣，流眼泪。
（作名词用则意为眼泪）②今义：鼻涕。
去：①古义：离开。
②今义：与“来”相对。
5．村中少年好事者驯养一虫①古义：青年男子，与“老年”相对。
②今义：十二岁到十六岁这一时期。
6．民日贴．妇卖儿①古义：抵押、典当。
②今义：粘贴、贴补。
三、一词多义1．责（1）因责常供/令责之里正（要求，责令）（2）每责一头（索要，索取）（3）以塞官责（责任，差使）（4）受扑责时（责罚）2．靡（1）靡计不施（无，没有）（2）虫尽靡（败退，失败）3．顾（1）成顾蟋蟀笼/徘徊四顾（看，动词）（2）顾念蓄劣物终无所用（但、只是、不过，连词）4．发（1）窃发盆（打开）（2）探石发穴（掏、挖开）（3）无毫发爽（毛发，头发）5．售（1）久不售（考试中第，考取）（2）亦无售者（买）6．岁（1）岁征民间（名作状，每年）（2）成有子九岁（年龄）（3）后岁余/不终岁（年）（1）此物故非西产（本来）（2）故天子一跬步（所以）8．令（1）有华阴令欲媚上官/令以责之里正（县令，名词）（2）急解令休止（让，动词）9．上（1）有华阴令欲媚上官（上级）（2）见虫伏壁上（上面）（3）上于盆而养之（放置）（4）以金笼进上（皇上）10．益（1）死何裨益（好处）（2）成益愕/成益惊喜（更加）11．掷（1）帘内掷一纸出（抛，扔）（2）虫跃掷径出（腾跃）12．异（1）宰以卓异闻（与众不同）（2）成述其异（奇特本领）13．过（1）折过墙隅（经过）（2）裘马过世家（超过）（3）未必不过此已忘（用过）14．强（1）乃强起扶杖（勉强）（2）少年固强之（迫使）15．中（1）又劣弱不中于款（符合，适应）（2）中绘殿阁（当中）16．然（1）成然之（意动用法，认为…是对的）（2）然睹促织（连词，表转折，然而）（3）俨然类画（副词词尾，……的样子）（4）庞然修伟/相对默然（形容词词尾，……的样子）17．逼①鸡健进，逐逼之（动词，逼近）②与村东大佛阁逼似（副词，极）18．进①以一头进（动词，进献）②径进以啄（动词，前进）19．为①为人迂讷（对待）②遂为猾胥报充里正役（被）①自昏达曙（从，介词）②不如自行搜觅（自己，代词）③自与汝复算耳（自然，副词）21．尚①宫中尚促织之戏（崇尚、爱好，动词）②虫宛然尚在（还，副词）22．复①成反复自念（重复，动词）②亦不复以儿为念（再，副词）③成子精神复旧（恢复，动词）23．举①举家庆贺/举天下所贡蝴蝶、螳螂……一切异状遍试之（全，形容词）②手裁举（抬起、举起，动词）24．意①即道人意中事（心里，名词）②意似良（神态、神情，名词）③惴惴恐不当意（心意，名词）④岂意其至此哉？（料想、估计，动词）25．信①成述其异，宰不信（相信，动词）②一人飞升，仙及鸡犬。
信夫！（的确、确实，副词）26．即①即道人意中事（立即、就，副词）②即捕得三两头，又劣弱不中于款（即使，连词）27．顿①顿非前物（立刻，副词）②顿足失色（跺，动词）28．得①得其尸于井（找到、发现，动词）②市中游侠儿得其佳者笼养之（抓到，动词）③冀有万一之得（得到，引申为收获，名词）29．闻①忽闻门外虫鸣（听到，动词）②宰以卓异闻（闻名，动词）30．忽①忽闻门外虫鸣（忽然，副词）②不可忽也（忽视，动词）31．杖①杖至百（杖责，动词）②乃强起扶杖（拐杖，名词）32．出①因出己虫（拿出，动词）②无出其右者（超过，动词）①成不敢敛户口，而又无所赔偿（但，连词，表转折）②儿涕而去（连词，表承接）③掩口胡卢而笑（连词，表修饰）34．及①仙及鸡犬（涉及、联系到）②及扑入手（等到）四、词类活用1．名词活用作状语①岁．征民间【每年】②市中游侠儿得佳者笼．养之【用笼子】③早．出暮．归【在早上、在晚上】④取儿藁．葬【用草席】⑤日．与子弟角【每天】⑥力．叮不释【用力】⑦民日．贴妇卖儿【每天】2．名词活用作动词①试使斗而才．（有才能）②旬余，杖．至百（杖责、用杖打）③笼．归，举家庆贺（用笼子装、装进笼子）④上．于盆而养之（装、放置）⑤儿涕．而去（流泪、哭泣）⑥自名．“蟹壳青”（命名、取名）⑦细疏．其能（陈述）⑧故天子一跬步．．（走半步一步）⑨裘马．．扬扬（穿着皮衣，骑着马）⑾仙．及鸡犬（成仙）3．使动用法①昂．其直（使…昂，抬高）②辄倾．数家之产（使…倾尽/竭尽）③而高．其直（使…高，抬高）④不如拼．博一笑（使……拼）4．意动用法①成然．之（认为…对）②成以其小，劣．之（认为…劣/差）③益奇．之（认为…奇特）5．其他活用现象①薄产累尽．（形作动，赔完）②近．抚之（形作动，靠近）③而心目耳力俱穷．（用尽）④蟹白．栗黄．（形作名，白肉、黄粉）⑤成述其异．（形作名，奇特的本领）⑥审．视【仔细地】⑦啼．告母【哭着】6．同义复词（同义连用）①里胥猾黠（狡猾）②死何裨益（益处）③填塞门户（充满，门口）④唇吻翕辟（嘴唇）⑤急逐趁之（追赶）⑥虫跃掷径出（跳跃）⑦不复聊赖（依赖、寄托）⑧自增惭怍（惭愧）⑨急解令休止/更无休止（停止）⑩僵卧长愁（向后倒下，躺）⑾百计营谋不得脱（谋求）六、特殊句式（一）判断句1．此物故非．西产2．非．字而画（二）被动句1．遂为．猾胥报充里下役2．试与他虫斗，虫尽靡．（被动句，无标志，意念上的被动）（三）定语后置1．村中少年好事者驯养一虫2．不数岁，田百顷，楼阁万椽（定语后置，数量词作后置定语）（三）状语后置1．问者爇香于鼎2．焚拜如前人3．既而得其尸于井（四）省略句1．岁征（于）民间。
2．（上官）试使（之）斗而才，因责（之）常供。
（前“之”代促织，后“之”代县令）3．令以（之）责之（于）里正。
4．转侧（于）床头，惟思自尽。
5．成妻纳钱（于）案上。
6．（其妻）折藏之，归以（之）示成。
7．见有虫伏（于）棘根。
8．（成名）遽扑之，（虫）入石穴中。
（成）掭（之）以尖草，（虫）不出，（成）以筒水灌之，（虫）始出。
9．（成名夫妻）近抚之，（儿）气息惙然。
喜置（之于）榻上。
10．徘徊四顾，见虫伏（于）壁上。
11．（成名）视之，（虫）短小，黑赤色，顿非前物。
12．不敢与（之）较。
13．临视，则虫集（于）冠上。
14．又试之（以）鸡。
15．（巡抚）又嘱学使俾（成名）入邑庠。
七、固定句式1．得无．．教我猎虫所耶．？（“得无……耶”是表示揣测语气的固定句式，意为“该不会是……吧”、“恐怕是……吧”）译：（这画）该不会是指点给我捕捉蟋蟀的地方吧？2．岂．意其至此哉．？（“岂……哉”，表示反问语气，意为“难道……吗”、“怎么……呢”）译：难道能料想他落到这样的结局吗？八、难句翻译1．成以其小，劣之。
译：成名因为它太小，认为它不好。
2．一出门，裘马过世家焉。
译：（成名）一出门，所穿的皮衣和驾车的马超过了世代做官的人家啊。
3．独是成氏子以蠹贫，以促织富，裘马扬扬。
译：只有这个成家的人，因为胥吏侵耗而贫穷，又因献上蟋蟀而富有，他穿皮衣，骑骏马，意气扬扬。
九、课文中出现的表示时间短暂的词语（1）俄见小虫跃起（不久，一会儿）（2）旋见鸡伸颈摆扑（随即，跟着）（3）少间，帘内掷一纸出（一会儿）（4）斯须就毙（一会儿）（5）未几，成归（没多久）（6）无何，宰以卓异闻（没多久）（7）既而得尸于井（不久，随后）（8）食顷，帘动（吃一顿饭的工夫）"Knitting" knowledge points finishing1. Tongzi1. Ang Qi Straight / High Gao Straight (Straight, pass "value", value, price)2. And Weng Gui (and, through "Er", yours)3. Hand-cutting (cutting, pass "talent", just now)4. Chongyue is within easy reach (yes, through "you")5. Yiri Jinzai (Yi, through "next", next to "present")6. Thousands of cattle and sheep hoofs2. Ancient and modern meanings1. Cages in the city who are better①Ancient meaning: idlers who are not doing business. ②Jiyi: a person who acts like a chivalrous man.3. Pus blood flow between two strands①Ancient meaning: thigh. ② Today's meaning: a part of things; quantifier.4. Go awayDi: ① Ancient meaning: crying, crying. (When used as a noun, it means tears) ②This meaning: snot.Go: ① Ancient meaning: leave. ② Today's meaning: opposite to "come".5. The good boy in the village domesticates a worm①Ancient meaning: young man, opposite to "old age". ②Jinyi: the period from twelve to sixteen.6. Women's Day①Ancient meaning: mortgage, pawn. ②Imori: Paste and paste.3. Polysemy1. responsibility(1) The regular confession / reprimand due to blame(2) One for each responsibility (request, request)(3) To impose official duties (responsibility, mission)(4) When punished (punishment)2. extravagant(1) Do not do anything (no, no)(2) Worms are exhausted (retreat, fail)3. Gu(1) Cheng Gu Cricket Cage / Wandering Si Gu (Look, verb)(2) Gu Nian's inferior goods are ultimately useless (but, just, but, conjunctions)4. hair(1) Hair theft basin (open)(2) Exploring stone hair points (digging and digging)(3) No frills (hair, hair)5. Sale(1) Not sold for a long time(2) No seller (buy)6. year old(1) Year-old levy folk(2) Cheng Youzi is nine years old (age)(3) Years after age / not end of life (years)7. Therefore(1) This thing is not a Western product (original)(2) So the Son made a step (so)8. make(1) There is a Huayin who wants to charm the Shangguan / order to blame him (county order, noun)(2) Suspension of urgent order (let, verb)9. on(1) There is Huayin that makes you want to be charming (Governor)(2) See on the wall of insects (above)(3) Raised in a pot (placed)(4) Entering with a gold cage (Emperor)10. beneficial(1) What is the benefit of death (benefits)(2) Cheng Yi stunned / Cheng Yi surprise (more)11. Throw(1) Throw a piece of paper out of the curtain (toss, throw)(2) Insect jumping out (leaping)12. different(1) Jai Yi Zhuo Yi Wen (unusual)(2) Make a difference (exotic skills)13. Past(1) Fold through the corner (pass)(2) Qiuma Passing Family (over)(3) Not necessarily forgotten (used)14. Strong(1) Naiqiang raised the walking stick (barely)(2) Juvenile solidity (forced)15. in(1) Inferiority and inferiority (conformity, adaptation)(2) China Painted Palace (middle)16. Ran(1) Cheng Ranzhi (intentional usage, think ... is right)(2) Ran to see the promotion (connective, table turning, however)(3) Just like a kind of painting (adverb ending, ...)(4) Pang Ranxiuwei / relative silence (adjective ending, ...)17. force①Jian Jianjin, forced to push (verb, approach)②Similar to the Village East Buddha Pavilion (adverb, pole)18. Into① Advance with one head (verb, offer)② Walk in to peck (verb, forward)19. for①Being indifferent (treating)②Successfully reported to Chongli for full service (was)20. from①Since fainting (Cong, preposition)②It is better to search by yourself (self, pronoun)③Self and Ru complex calculation ear (natural, adverb)twenty one. Yet①The play of promoting and weaving in the palace (advocating, hobby, verb)② The insect is still there (yet, adverb)twenty two. complex① Repeated self-repetition (repetition, verb)② No more thinking of children (again, adverbs)③Shengzi's spiritual rejuvenation (recovery, verb)twenty three. Lift①Family congratulations / Butterfly tribute to butterflies, praying mantis ... try all kinds of abnormalities②Hand cut (lift, lift, verb)twenty four. meaning① That is what the Tao wants to do (heart, noun)②Yi Siliang (look, expression, noun)③Worried and uncomfortable (heart, noun)④Is it so far? (Expect, estimate, verb)25. letter① It ’s different, and it ’s unbelievable (believe, verb)② One person soars, fairy and chicken dog. Nobuo! (Really, indeed, adverb)26. which is① That is what the Tao wants to do (immediately, just, adverb)② Even if three or two heads are caught, and the inferiority is not in the money27. pause① Dun Fei's precursor (immediately, adverb)② stunned feet (stomping, verb)28. Get① Get his body in the well (find, find, verb)②The middle-aged ranger who has won his favor (caught, verb)③ I hope you will get something in the first place.29. smell① Suddenly hear insects outside the door (heard, verb)②Zai Yizhuo (known, verb)30. suddenly① Suddenly heard insects outside the door (suddenly, adverb)②Not to be ignored (neglect, verb)31. Staff① Stick to hundred (stick blame, verb)② Naiqiang walking stick (crutch, noun)32. Out①Because of the emergence of insects (take out, verb)② The one without the right (over, verb)33. and① Cheng did not dare to consolidate his hukou without compensating (but, conjunction, table turning point)② snotted away (conjunction, table undertaking)③ Hu Lu smiles while covering his mouth34. and①Fairy and chicken dog (involved, contacted)② And throw in hand (wait until)Four, part of speech1. Nouns used as adverbials①Suizhengjiu 【Every year】②Cages in the city where the rangers are better [in cages]③Exit early and return early [in the morning, in the evening]④Take the child's burial [with straw mat]⑤Day and children corner 【Every day】⑥Liding can't help it 【Force】⑦People's Day Stickers Women Selling Children 【Daily】2. Nouns are used as verbs① Try to make a fight (the talent)②More than ten days, stick to hundred (stick blame, use stick)③Cage return, family celebration (packed in a cage, packed in a cage)④ Put it on the pot and keep it (install, place)⑤ The children run away (tears, crying)⑥Self-named "Crab Shell Green" (named, named)⑦ Thin out its ability (statement)⑧ So the emperor made a step (take half a step)⑨ Qiu Mayangyang (wearing leather and riding a horse)⑾Fairy and Chicken Dog (Chengxian)3. Usage① Angqi straight (make ang, raise)②The property of several households (to make / to exhaust)③While tall and straight (make ... high, raise)④It's better to fight Bo Bo smile (make ... fight)4. Intentional usage① Cheng Ranzhi (think ... yes)②Because it is small and inferior (think… inferior / bad)③Yiqizhi (think ... peculiar)5. Other utilization phenomena① Thin births are exhausted (form action, pay off)② Nearly Fuzhi (Shaping action, approaching)③ And the eyes and ears are exhausted (exhausted)④ Crab white chestnut yellow (formally known as white meat, yellow powder)⑤ Make a difference (formation name, strange ability)⑥Review 【Carefully】⑦Crying mother [crying]6. Synonymous compound words (synonymous use)① Lixu cunning (cunning)②What is the benefit of death (benefits)③ Fill the portal (full, entrance)④ Lip kisses (lips)⑤In a hurry (chasing)⑥ Insect jumping out (jump)⑦ No more chatting (dependence, sustenance)⑧ Increased ashamed (ashamed)⑨The urgent order is suspended / more endless (stop)⑩Long sorrow and long worry (fall backward and lie down)⑾Hundreds of tactics can't escape (seeking)Six, special sentences(1) Judgment sentence1. This thing is not Western2. Draw without words(2) Passive sentences1. Then he served for the Xuxu newspaper2. Try to fight with him, the insects are exhausted (passive sentences, no signs, passive in mind)(3) Attributive postposition1. The good boy in the village domesticates a worm2. Countless years old, Tian Baiqin, Pavilion Wan rafter(3) Adverbial postposition1. Questioner Yu Xiang Yu Ding2. Burn to worship3. So that he would die in the well(4) Elliptical sentences1. Sui Zheng (Yu) folk.2. (Shangguan) try to make (the) fight for talent, often (for) the confession. (The former "zhi" promotes weaving, the latter "zhi" acts as county magistrate)3. Ling Yi is responsible for (in) Lizheng.4. Turn to the side of the bed, thinking of yourself.5. In the case of married wife paying money (Yu).6. (His wife) fold it into possession and return it to (show).7. See the worm roots.8. (Famous) Yun Fuzhi, (worm) into the stone cave. (Cheng) Saw (the) with sharp grass, (the worm) can't come out, (cheng) irrigate with the tube water, (the worm) start out.9. (Famous couple) Nearly Fuzhi, (children) breathless. Hi set (to) on the couch.10. Wandering around and seeing the wall of the insects.11. (Famous) According to it, (worm) is short, black and red, and it is not a precursor.12. Don't dare to compare with it.13. Prospecting, the insects gather (at) top.14. Try the chicken again.15. (The governor) also asked the school to make Li (famous) into Yixu. Seven, fixed sentence pattern1. Do you have to teach me how to hunt insects? ("De Wu ... Yeah" is a fixed sentence that indicates speculative tone, meaning "shouldn't it be ...", "I'm afraid it's ...")Translation: (This picture) Could it be a place to point me to catch crickets?2. Does that mean it's so far? ("Qi ... Zai" means a rhetorical tone, meaning "does it ...", "how ..."Translation: Can you expect him to come to such an ending?8. Translation of difficult sentences1. Success is small and inferior.Translation: Become famous because it is too small, think it is not good.2. As soon as he went out, Qiu Ma passed away.Translation: (Famous) When I went out, I was wearing more leather clothes and driving horses than generations of officials3. Only Cheng's son was poor with codling to promote wealth and Qiu Mayangyang.Translation: Only this family member is poor because of Xu Xu ’s abuse, and rich because of cricket offering.Nine, the words appearing in the text that indicate short time(1) Russia sees little bugs leaping (soon, for a while)(2) Xuanjian chicken stretched his neck and fluttered (followed, followed)(3) In a small room, throw a piece of paper inside the curtain (for a while)(4) Si Xu will die (for a while)(5) Just a few days later(6) No matter what, it is a strange story (not long)(7) The corpse is in the well(8) Food item, curtain moving (time to eat a meal)。