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第十一课时 主谓一致和特殊句式.doc

第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式1.In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京卷)A.pressB.to pressC.pressingD.pressed答案A[句意:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按下按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。

根据句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,所以用动词原形。

] 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津卷)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where答案B[去掉题干的It was和空处后,这个句子语法结构依然完整,表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候,我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”,因此这是一个强调句式,被强调的是“only+状语从句”,因此选B。

]3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷)A.whoB.whereC.whichD.that答案D[句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。

根据关键词It was开头,后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。

故选D。

]4.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏卷) A.is B.areC.wasD.were答案C[先行词是Great Expectations,是书名,看作单数,所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式;根据“strengthened”可知,说的是过去,故选C。

句意:《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬,这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。

]5.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津卷)A.regardB.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards答案B[句意:现在骑自行车,慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。

根据动词短语regard...as...把……看作……和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除A 和D,再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语,谓语动词应该与along with前面的名词相一致,即用单数,排除C,故选B。

]6.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津卷)A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that答案D[句意:你等错地方了,长途客车是在旅馆接游客的。

分析句子结构可知,此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型,故用that。

]主谓一致一、语法一致原则1. 动名词、动词不定式、主语从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。

Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。

To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.爱和被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。

2. 主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with,together with,as well as,along with,besides,but,except,including,rather than等,谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。

My father,together with his workmates,has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。

3. and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式,但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词需用单数形式。

A famous writer and poet is to give a talk.一位著名的作家兼诗人将要做一次报告。

4. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。

在“It+be+被强调部分+that/who...”强调句型中,be一般用单数形式。

如果强调的是主语,that/who后的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。

It is I who am going to be a pilot.是我将成为一名飞行员。

Anyone who has questions to ask,please come to my office this afternoon.有问题要问的人,今天下午到我办公室来。

5. “more than one/many a+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。

Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。

Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。

二、意义一致原则1. 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。

常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。

The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。

The class are doing experiments.全班学生都在做实验。

2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义:all,some,half,most,the rest等作主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。

70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我们星球的表面百分之七十都被水覆盖着。

3.“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈,失踪的人也都找到了。

4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式;quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词均用复数形式。

With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.→With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。

5.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为“许多”;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,意为“……的数量”。

A number of students have gone for an outing.许多学生去远足了。

The number of the students is increasing year after year.学生的数量逐年增加。

6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说,3 000 美元是一笔大数目。

三、就近一致原则1.当or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。

Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。

2.在here,there置于句首的倒装句中,当主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.教学楼在两排树之间。

There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.→There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

特殊句式1 倒装句一、完全倒装完全倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

这种结构须满足四个条件:1.here, there, out, then, thus等副词置于句首2.谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, rush等表示来去或状态的动词3.主语是名词不能是代词4.谓语动词的时态是一般现在时或一般过去时Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。

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