用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词, 动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。
动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。
如:1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
(表示运动员的特征)2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。
(表示“令人….”)3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。
如:1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。
如：昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。
3.The professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.不正确的表述：The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.总结：-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。
如:1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
dies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。
如:1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。
常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。
如:1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。
2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。
4)有些-ing形式已经转化成名词,常做定语用来修饰物The scanning electron micrographs 这些电镜扫描照片除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done. being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。
如:1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。
2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。
-ing形式做定语专练1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to discussC.been discussedD.being discussed5.China is a _____ country ______ to the third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.---Who is the man ______ to the teacher?---A model worker _____ our school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7.How many of us ________, say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion?A.attendB.attendingC.to attendD.have attended8.The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smellB.smellingC.smeltD.to be smelt答案:D A D D B C B B一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。
这种分词叫分词形容词, 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“已完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。
如：spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。
如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
2. My parents are both retired teachers．我的父母都是退休教师。
(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。
Lost time can never be found again．虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗?(=That has been planned for tonight)2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。
(=which was attended by a lot of people)1) Most of the artists __________ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited2) The first text books ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written3) The Olympic games,_______ in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods _______through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying5) Mr. Smith,____ of the speech, started to read a ____ novel.A. tired, boringB. tiring, boredC. tired, boredD. tiring, boring二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。