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This is an adenocarcinoma arising in a villous adenoma. The surface of the neoplasm is polypoid and reddish pink. Hemorrhage from the surface of the tumor creates a guaiac positive stool. This neoplasm was located in th-e sigmoid colon, just out of reach of dig31ital examination, but easily visualized with sigmoidoscopy
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本章内容
▪ 肿瘤的概念 ▪ 肿瘤的形态和结构 ▪ 肿瘤的分化与异型性 ▪ 肿瘤的命名与分类 ▪ 良恶性肿瘤的区别 ▪ 癌前病变、非典型增生和原位癌 ▪ 肿瘤的病因及病机
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第一节 概述
一、肿瘤的概念
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致瘤因素
细胞基因水平的异常，并 可以传递给子代细胞。
生长调控紊乱 克隆性异常增生
肿瘤性增生
罗京，因病于 2009年 6月 5日 与世长辞。
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阿
罗
桑
京
沈
殿
霞
陈
晓
旭
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梅 艳 芳
李 钰
2
叶
罗
傅凡
文
彪
帕 瓦 罗 蒂
赫
李
本
媛
媛
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P76
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世界上最动听的话—— 不是“我爱你”, 而是“你的肿名导演 伍迪-艾伦 ( Woody Allen )
新生物（肿块）
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注意：
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1、肿瘤性增生与非肿瘤性增生的区别
（三性）
肿瘤增生
非肿瘤增生
➢质 ➢量 ➢ 影响
失分化性（瘤细胞具有 分化成熟,一定程
异常的形态、代谢和 度恢复原有结构功
功能，不同程度地失 去分化成熟的能力；）
能
持续性（肿瘤细胞生长
旺盛，失去控制，具 有相对自主性，与机 体不协调）
squamous cell carcinoma causing lumenal stenosis are seen below. Risk factors for
esophageal squamous carcinoma include mainly smoking and alcoholism in the U.S. In
自限性
对机体有害无益 大多有利
2、肿瘤与肿块的关系
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二、 肿瘤的一般形态和结构
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（一）肿瘤的大体形态
数目 大小 形状 颜色 质地
受多种因素的影响(与组
织来源，生长方式，发生部位等有
关)，多种多样，在一 定程度上反映了肿瘤 的良恶性。
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1、数目
多数为一个，可多个；
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单发
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多发
The gross appearance of a villous adenoma is shown above the surface at the left, and in cross section at the right. Note that this type of adenoma is sessile, rather than pedunculated, and larger than a tubular adenoma (adenomatous polyp). A villous adenoma averages several centimeters in diam-eter, and may be up to 10 cm. On 32 colonoscopy, a sessile polyp is seen below
Here is another example of polyposis with numerous small polyps covering the colonic mucosa. In this particular case, there were osteomas of the skull, a periampullary adenocarcinoma, and epidermal inclusion cysts. Thus, this is a case of Gardner's syndrome. As with familial adenomatous polyp- osis, the inheritance pattern is autosom21 al dominant
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2、大小
大小不一（大小与肿瘤发展阶段、发生部位 和肿瘤的性质等有关）
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The circumscribed mass lesion present here in the sella turcica is a pituitary
adenoma.
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3、形状
多种多样（ ） 发生部位、组织来源、生长方式和肿瘤的性质等有关
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This irregular reddish, ulcerated exophytic mid-esophageal mass as seen on the mucosal
surface is a squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic views of an ulcerated mid-esophageal
Benign neoplasms can be multiple, as is shown in this uterus with leiomyomas of varying size, but all benign and well-circumscribed firm white masses. Remember that the most common neoplasm is a benign nevus (pigmented mole) of the skin, and most people have several. As a gene-ral rule, benign neoplasms do not 2g0ive rise
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other parts of the world dietary factors may play a role
This is a leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel. As with sarcomas in general, this one is big and bad. Sarcomas are uncommon -at this site, but must be distinguish1e9d from other types of neoplasms