短文填空题型及解题技巧点拨一、题型介绍短文填空题型是以阅读理解为基础,综合考查学生对英语词汇、语法、惯用法的理解和运用,并在此基础上,考查学生对整篇文章的分析、判断能力、逻辑推理能力,是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高的题型。
其主要形式就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白,造成信息链的中断,让考生在重新理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个空格做出尽可能合理的分析判断,给出最佳答案,使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明,文意畅达,逻辑严密。
常考的形式主要有以下几种:1.选择词汇型短文填空;2.给出首字母短文填空;3.给出动词型短文填空;4.在短文的空白处填词型短文填空;5.看图填词型短文填空。
二、应试技巧做短文填空题时,通常先要弄清语境,并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断,才能做出恰当的选择。
具体可分为以下三步:1.通览全文。
通读全文,理顺题意,找出信息词。
这是做好短文填空题的关键,因为短文填空题的特点是着眼于整体理解。
我们应该根据首句给出的启示,通过逻辑思维,借助短文中关键词所提供的信息,尽快把全文读完,建立对文章的整体感觉。
2.仔细推敲,初定答案。
在通读全文,了解大意的基础上着手答题。
答题时要根据文章内容要求,结合文章的主题,综合运用所学的词汇、语法知识,对每个空进行认真分析,反复推敲,从而确定答案。
可以从以下几个方面入手:(1)根据上下文语境确定答案;(2)根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案;(3)运用逻辑推理判断答案;(4)根据词语用法确定答案;(5)剖析结构,进行对比推理确定答案。
3.复读检查,消除漏洞。
完成所有的空缺后,应再次通读全文,看行文是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理。
复检时,可从语法入手检查时态,主谓一致,代词的性,名词的数、格及词的搭配是否正确。
遇到疑点,应根据中心思想,从语义、语法上加以判断。
三、各类短文题型的特点及答题策略1.选择词汇型短文填空【题型特点】这类题是把词抽出,打乱顺序,不按原文的次序排列,有时还增加几个干扰项,要求挑选出正确的词,并用其恰当的形式填入短文的空格内。
【解题步骤】(1)跳过空格,通读全文,初步掌握短文大意。
通过阅读,了解文章大意,对语篇进行整体了解,避免断章取义。
在匆匆浏览全文时,对生词可先跳过,细读时再理会。
(2)复读全文,初步试填。
将有关单词按照个人的初步理解填入空白处,不管具体形式如何,使短文初步成形。
(3)再次阅读,根据句法及词法确定所填词的最终形式,使其符合文章思路。
【典型例题】阅读下面短文,根据其内容从所给的12个单词或词组中选出10个,并以其适当形式填空。
T-shirts first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In the early 1900s, they were worn by __1__ in the American navy(海军) under their uniforms. Over the next __2__ decades(十年) more people began to wear them. In 1951, people were impressed deeply __3__ Marlon Brando’s white T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Rebel Without a Cause, T-shirts __4__ became cool. Young people across America started wearing T-shirts as a symbol of __5__ own rebellious(反叛的) feelings.As the young people of James Dean’s times got __6__, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have __7__ they wanted printed on them. There’s nothing rebellious about wearing a T-shirt now, __8__. People of all __9__ wear them.__10__, the T-shirt is probably the most common piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost anywhere and anytime.【答案及解析】试题给出了12个单词和短语,要求从中选出10个填入短文中,而且有的单词需要转换形式。
1.sailors。
根据文意应该填表示“某人”的单词,这个词应该是“水手”,sail作动词用,意为“航海;驾(船)”;它的名词形式sailors,意为“水手”。
2.few。
在“decades(十年)”的前面应该是个修饰数字的词,选few符合文意。
3.by the sight of。
前面是被动语态,后面是“Marlon Brando’s white T-shirt”,填入所给的短语by the sight of符合文意。
4.suddenly。
句子的主要成分完整,显然这里应该用个表示“突然”的副词,所给单词中含“突然”意思的只有sudden,是形容词,应该用其副词形式suddenly。
5.their。
own前面必须用形容词性物主代词,所给单词中有人称代词they,用它的物主代词形式their即可。
6.older。
空格前的got是连系动词,意为“变得”,后面应接形容词作表语。
所给单词中剩余的形容词只有old,根据文意,应该用它的比较级形式older。
7.anything。
依句意“他们能够在T恤衫上印上……”,空格处应是表达“任何东西”的词,所给单词中恰有anything。
8.however。
句子末尾应该是个副词。
填“however(然而)”与文意吻合。
9.ages。
根据句式结构,People of all后面应该是个名词,组成名词短语作句子的主语。
如果用age,则需用它的复数形式ages,表示“各个年龄段的人”,与文意相符。
10.In fact。
空格是个独立成分,剩余的所给单词in fact,nothing,so that中,选“in fact(实际上)”与文意相符。
2.给出首字母型短文填空【题型特点】首字母填词是根据句意和已给的首字母,在句子的空白处填上恰当的单词,使句子意思完整、语法正确的一种题型。
该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力,又考查学生对句子的理解能力。
【解题步骤】(1)通读全文,把握句意。
只有文章意思清楚了,才可能根据文意进行合理判断,从而有可能突然产生“灵感”,将断层的信息比较准确地反映出来。
(2)注意精读,反复琢磨。
做这类题,有时可根据固定用法判断,有时可通过上下文意思判断。
遇到难词时,要根据其前后的句子反复推敲、再三琢磨该词在句中的作用,由此判断出该词的意思。
We asked some teachers to give us the last lesson. The lesson is proverbs(谚语) about friends. Older people __2__teach proverbs to younger people. Every culture has proverbs. They are short and easy to __3__.There is a German proverb which says, “Friendship is a plant we must __4__.” It means that we need to take care of friends __5__ taking care of a garden. “Only your real friends will tell you when your face is dirty.” is __6__ proverb from Japan. It means that only __7__ friends tell you when you are making a __8__.My grandfather told me, “Nobody is so __9__ that he can throw away a friend.”Everyone __10__ friends. Be good to them.Goodbye, friends! Don’t forget us!Ⅱ. 阅读下面短文,写出括号中所给词的正确形式,使短文意思完整。
Dolphins are __1__(interest) animals and researchers find them smart. They __2__(have) no hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own, but they can understand many sign __3__(language). They can respond(反应) quite__4__(correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world, but they are good at __5__(do) our “intelligent(智能的) tests”.Ⅲ. 动词填空。
(A) 阅读下面短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。
I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements(成就), he was thought to be more creative than the average(一般的) person. When he __1__(ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about two years old. “I __2__(try) to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling(溢出) the milk all over the floor―a sea of milk! I was frightened and I didn’t know what to do!”he said.His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I __3__(consider) how to explain all this to you, Mom,”he said. Instead of __4__(punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess(杂乱) you have made! I __5__(not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like __6__(play) in the milk for a while? We__7__(clean) it up after that.”Indeed, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you __8__(make) a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.”He used a sponge(海绵) and together they cleaned up thespilled milk.His mother then said, “You know, we __9__(fail) in how to successfully carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now. Let’s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see if you __10__(discover) a way to carry it.”Then the little boy learned that if he grasped(抓紧) the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.What a wonderful lesson!(B) 阅读下面短文,用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。