试题汇编·2014高三英语一模·阅读C篇试题分类宝山Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind.According to recent polls(民意调查), sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy.Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness.It is not predictable,nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy.The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness.Though both may contribute,they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes.People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school,and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives.Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain.Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness.Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone.Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have,and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods,but are not necessarily happier adults.The best formula(准则)for happiness is to be able to develop AQ(Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble),to have a personal involvement and commitment,and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.74.It can be inferred from the passage that_____.A.happiness is neither predictable nor apparentB.a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happyC.the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income groupD.happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society75.According to the article,happiness is greatly dependent upon_____.A.a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likesB.great wealth with which one can buy anythingC.a feeling that conditions are becoming for the betterD.a college degree that can help one achieve great success76.The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean_____.A.ambition to defeat others in a severe competitionB.ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situationC.methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in lifeD.attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble77.The best title of this passage may be_____.A.What Does Happiness Consist inB.Happiness and UnhappinessC.Different Kinds of HappinessD.Causes of Happiness and Unhappiness长宁The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team.In its original sense,however,culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group,nation,or empire:its physical environment,history,and traditions,its social rules and economic structure,and its religious beliefs and arts.The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another.It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate.People acquire a culture because they are not born with one.The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods,accented speech,or an outlook on the world over time, therefore,is known as enculturation(文化适应).Cultures are often identified by their symbols—images that are familiar and coated with meaning.Totem poles(图腾柱)carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes(部落).In Asia and India,the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear.Thus,different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently.For example,to some a flag may represent pride,historical accomplishments,or ideals;to others, however,it can mean danger or oppression.To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own,the beliefs,behaviors,and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening.A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos,meaning“people,”and kentros,meaning“center”).A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and,possibly,wrong or evil.All people are ethnocentric to some degree,and some aspects of ethnocentrism,such as national pride,contribute to a well-functioning society.An appreciation for one’s own culture,however,does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture.History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together.Extreme ethnocentrism,in contrast,can lead to racism —the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.74.What does the word“innate”in Paragraph2most probably mean?A.Instinctive.B.Developed.C.Believable.D.Cultivated.75.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another.B.An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own.C.Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group,nation or empire.D.People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image.76.What can be inferred from the passage?A.All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society.B.Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures.C.Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude.D.Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world.77.Which might be the best title of the passage?A.Culture,the origin of racial superiorityB.Culture,a faithful mirror of historyC.Culture,the vigour of world developmentD.Culture,a distinctive identity of a nation黄浦Publicity offers several benefits.There are not costs for message time or space.An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000to$5,000,000or more per minute,whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high,because they are reported in independent media.A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper,because the reader associates independence with objectivity.Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads.For example,Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements.Readers spend time reading the stories,but they skim through the ads.Furthermore,there may be10commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine.Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations.A firm has little control over messages,their timing,their placement,or their coverage by a given medium.It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media,and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example,in1982,Procter&Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its123-year-old company logo.To fight this negative publicity,the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor(谣言).The false rumors were temporarily put to rest.However,in1985,publicity became so troublemaking that Procter&Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods,such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened,but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm.Similarly,media determine the placement of a story;it may follow a report on crime or sports.Finally,the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.74.All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT_____.A.time savingB.attentivenessC.credibilityD.profitabilitypared with ad,news report or featuring stories are more_____.A.believableB.clearC.dependentD.subjective76.The example of“Procter&Gamble”is given to show_____.A.the efficient way of disproving rumorsB.the importance of a spokespersonC.the interaction between firms and mediaD.the negative effect of publicity77.What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity?A.doubtfulB.objectiveC.passiveD.supportive嘉定Are you an optimist?Do you look at your glass and see it as half full?Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best?Do you believe that if something is meant to be,it will be?If you reply “yes”to all of these questions,then you are an optimist.You probably are enthusiastic,cheerful and outgoing.You may be successful at work and in love.But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best.You may believe that when one door closes another one opens(for example,you may fail to obtain a new job;another chance will come around soon).Wrong.When one door closes,another door slams(砰然关上)in your face.That’s bitter reality.Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along.It’s called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism.Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results.Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear,anxiety and worry.Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes for themselves.They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of wrence Sanno,a psychology professor,says,“What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people,so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”So far,so good.This is not rocket science.Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work,on date or even in a sports game.It makes sense to have a back-up plan.There are many sayings in English urging caution.For example,“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”And“Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.”Tohave a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good.But listen to what Woody Alien,the American comedian says,“Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”There are pros and cons（利与弊）to being an optimist and a pessimist.Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist.But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.74.What’s the passage mainly about?A.The benefits of defensive pessimism.B.A book that has recently been published.C.The dangers of being too optimistic.D.How to become successful in life.75.The underlined sentence“This is not rocket science”(Para.4)means__________.A.there is no real proofB.it is quite simple to understandC.the cost is not so highD.it’s not a dangerous thing to do76.Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?A.Whatever will be,will be.B.The glass is half full not half empty.C.Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.D.Every cloud has a silver lining.77.We can infer from the passage that the writer is probably__________.A.a realistB.an optimistC.a defeatistD.a scientist金山One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea.What a miracle!How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams,the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface,and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean.With evaporation its only outlet,salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year,I drove down the long,steep hill to realize my dream.The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight.Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug?I wondered.Eli Dior,an Israeli official, explained the problem:“The Dead Sea is drying up.Every year,the surface drops about one meter,and as the water level falls,shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century,the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs.Result:the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next50years,there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption.No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea,where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores.The“Red-Dead”is a proposed$5billion project to bring sea water some240kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea.The Red-Dead may be the only solution,but even if the project is carried out successfully,the Dead Sea will be10to20meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds,the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun,mud,sea and salt will surely survive.Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.74.What’s the passage mainly about?A.Dead Sea—miracle of the world.B.Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C.Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D.Why is the Dead Sea so salty.75.The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by_________according to the passage.A.a severe reduction of the water flowing into the sea.B.rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea area.C.the increasing quantity of water drawn from the sea.D.very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area.76.Which of the following is right according to the passage?A.With no outlet to any ocean,the Dead Sea has become by evaporation the saltiest on earth.B.Though burdened with the growing population,the neighboring countries haven’t cut off the sources of the Dead Sea.C.All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D.The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea,but peace to the area as well.77.Which of the following statements will the author approve of?A.If the Dead Sea dried up,great natural disasters would happen in the region.B.The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C.The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D.Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually,it will not die.闵行It was3:45in the morning when the vote was finally taken.After six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of15to10.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.He sent it on by way of the group’s online service,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long,because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia.It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing communityattitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死).In the US and Canada,where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌)to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed(诊断)as Terminally Ill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After48hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson, a54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of was how I’d go,because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,”he says.73.Which of the following has the similar meaning to“But the tide is unlikely to turn back.”?A.What happened in Australia can change world history.B.It is impossible to pass the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law.C.Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D.That the Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.74.From the second paragraph we learn that__________.A.the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB.physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC.changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD.it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage75.By saying“observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”,the author means__________.A.observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB.similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S.,Canada and other countriesC.observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD.the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop76.When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will__________.A.face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB.experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC.have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD.undergo a cooling off period of seven days77.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of__________.A.oppositionB.doubtC.approvalD.anxiety普陀Moocs(massive open online courses)are free,but without tutoring,and are open to anyone,anywhere in the world. The courses are flexible–normally three to five hours of study a week–done at any time,short(5to10weeks)and video-rich.They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing:you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums,discussion boards and peer review.Students don't have to finish the courses,pass assessments or do assignments,but,if they do,they get a certification of participation.The Open University launched FutureLearn,the UK's answer to US platforms such as Coursera,EdX and Udacity, which have been offering Moocs from top US universities for the past two years.The response has been incredible,with more than three million people registering worldwide.Meanwhile,in2012,Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join Coursera's partnership,comprising13universities.“We already run50online master's degrees,so this was a logical expansion,”says Professor Jeff Haywood,Edinburgh's vice-principal.“It's an investment in teaching methods research.How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to100,000people?That's what I call educational R&D.”He adds“If you look ahead10years,you'd expect all students graduating to have taken some online courses,so you've got to research that.Our Moocs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they don't carry credits.”Cooperation is key,Haywood stresses.It is far better to offer20-30courses in your own areas of expertise(专门技能) and let other institutions do likewise.Professor Mike Sharples,FutureLearn's academic lead,goes further:“We've tied the elements available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promoting it and also a new social-learning teaching method.You won't just receive an exam,but be able to discuss and mark each other's assignments.”Bath University,one of more than20universities working with FutureLearn,launches its first course,Inside Cancer, next January,and regards Moocs as a way of breaking down age barriers."There's no reason why someone doing GCSEs should not look at our Moocs and get quite a way through them,or someone at PhD level and beyond,"says Professor Bernie Morley,expert for learning and teaching.74.Moocs have these features EXCEPT that_______.A.Moocs are free of charge for anyoneB.Moocs can be adjusted according to people’s learning paceC.Moocs provide teachers’instructions if you have some difficultyD.Moocs have a platform for learns to share their learning experience75.The response to FutureLearn has been thought to be unbelievable because______.A.all the courses on the platform are available to anyone in the worldB.Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join itC.the number of people registering in the platform is beyond expectationD.students can get a certification of participation without passing assessments76.What can be inferred from Professor Bernie Morley in the last paragraph?A.People with various learning levels will probably show interest in Moocs.B.People at PhD level have already known everything about Moocs.C.Inside Cancer will be the most popular course for someone doing GCSEs.D.Moocs are not so competitive as lifelong learning courses due to the problems of credits.77.The passage mainly deals with_____.A.the various opinions on FutureLearnB.the advantages of online teaching methodsC.the popularity of no-credit coursesD.the emergence of a new learning platform青浦If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station,you don’t need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob.Don’t be confused by their name.Actually,a flash mob,organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks,is a group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place,do something unusual for a period of time,such as exchanging books,coming together to look at the sky,waving their hands and shouting something at the top of their lungs for30seconds,and then quickly disappear before the police can arrive.Bill Wasik,senior editor of Harper’s Magazine,organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May2003and the first successful flash mob assembled on June3,2003at Macy’s department store involving100people gathering on Macy’s Department Store.Following this,about200people flooded the lobby of the Hyatt hotel,applauding in one voice for fifteen seconds,and next participants pretending to be tourists on a bus trip invaded a shoe boutique in Soho.A later mob saw hundreds of people in Central Park making bird noises.Wasik claimed that he created flash mobs as a social experiment designed to tease hipsters(追逐时尚的人),and highlight the cultural atmosphere of agreement and of being part of“the next big thing”.Many Web logs,chat rooms and Web groups are devoted to the craze.Though flash mobs were originally regarded as pointless,the concept has already developed for the benefit of political and social events.Flash mobbing takes advantage of the efficiency of communicating information on Websites and by email,and protesters can similarly use the“on and off”concept to be involved in political events.Such flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock or frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place.They also have enormous economic potential,such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular.People use it to do many things.For example,in2009, hundreds of Michael Jackson’s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him,gathering outside the railway station in Liverpool,singing and dancing Michael’s famous song Beat It together.In another example,some people took part in a flash mob to warn people against negative words.Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.74.The purpose of flash mobs created by Wasik is to__________.A.make flash mobs a social experiment with political,social and economic potentialB.give people an opportunity to assemble and perform some distractionC.make fun of hipsters and emphasize the cultural atmosphere of agreement and participationD.make communicating information efficient and help people create a memory75.People took part in the following activities of flash mobs except that__________.A.they pretended to take a bus trip and invaded a shoe shop in SohoB.they got together in central Park and played birdsongC.they gathered upon the railway station in Liverpool,singing Beat It and dancingD.they assembled in the department store and applauded together for15seconds76.Which of the following could most possibly be a flash mob according to the passage?A.Sixteen people get together quickly on the square and do jumping and singing and leave there suddenly.B.A group of people are busy giving out leaflets of a limousine of a brand to those walking in front of them.C.Some tourists plan for months and go mountaineering on the first day of Horse Year.D.Protesters from different factories sit for days in front of the city hall for low wage.77.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Flash mob:the political potentialB.Flash mob:the pop cultureC.Flash mob:the source of informationD.Flash mob:the short-term memory松江Scientists have long believed one way to stop the Earth’s atmosphere from warming is by planting more trees.The idea is that more trees will take in or absorb some of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Carbon dioxide is a gas released by cars,factories and other human activities.The gas traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere,which warms the planet. However,two new studies have found that trees may not be as helpful in reducing carbon dioxide as thought.The first study was done at Duke University in Durham,North Carolina.Researchers pumped extra carbon dioxide into a test area where pine trees were growing.The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years.However,in time,the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate.The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients,such as nitrogen.In the second study,researchers from Duke and Bowdoin College in Brunswick,Maine examined the soil around trees. They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil,all the carbon was not trapped in the soil.Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.The findings of the two studies were published last month in Nature magazine.They suggest there is limited value in planting trees to reduce the carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere.Forest planting has been a part of negotiations on a world agreement to reduce greenhouse gases that scientists believe cause global warming.The United States,Canada,Japan and some other industrial countries have supported the idea.But。