2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.
3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to。
1 不定式作主语 (subject)
To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English. 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不 定式后置。
动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语 (subject) 2 表语 (predicative) 3 宾语 (object) 4 宾补 (object complement) 5 定语 (attribute) 6 状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构 (absolute construction)
(subject) 3. My ambition is to work in the computer
industry when I grow up. (predicative)
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute)
5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. (attribute)
6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. (object)
7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (object)
7. What do you call students in the same year group and the same situation as you? fellow
8. What do you call the behaviour of one student to others? conduct
“Xie Li’s confidence has grown,” said her father. “She looks much better and is not so often _o_u_t _o_f_b_r_e_a_th_ after her training. _A__ll_i_n__a_ll her mother and I are very happy with her progress.” So, instead of _c_u_t_ti_n_g_o_u__t _ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can become part of the mainstream. _I_n_o_t_h_e_r_w__o_r_d_s_ they can lead a more fulfilling life.
1) 不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。
你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。 I’ll ask him how to operate the machine.
All you have to do is (to) finish the
job quickly.
如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
3 不定式作宾语 (object)
• Yao Ming likes to play basketball.
• I find it still necessary (for him) to _________ if he wants to win.
4 不定式作宾补 (object complement)
My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.
引导不定式作宾补的动词：
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 +sb to do sth The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.
Adjective ambitious absent
suitable beneficial annoyed/annoying
Noun clumsiness firmness noise psychology encouragement
Adjective
clumsy firm noisy psychological encouraging
句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。
3 Complete this passage using the words below.
adapt to out of breath make fun of
cut out sit around all in all
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
in other words in many ways
There was a time when children with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _i_n_m__a_n_y__w_a_y_s_. They used to _s_i_t _a_r_o_u_n_d_ in their own homes after being educated in special
schools. Other people sometimes _m__a_k_e_f_u_n_o_f_ them. But now things are changing. There are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities, which have proved very beneficial. Students like Xie Li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. But it is a challenge. She has to _a_d_a_p_t__to___ training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes.
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. (adverbial)
9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. (adverbial)
10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (object complement)
Unit 1 Grammar
Revise the Infinitive
Identify its function. 想一想
1. It is good to help others. (subject) 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the
disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.
annoyed
3. In what way can a teacher check if you have learned the new words by heart? dictation
4. What do you call an item written in a diary or in a dictionary? entry
2 Answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit.
1. How do you measure the length of a race round a racetrack? lap
2. How would you feel if someone kept talking when you were trying to read?
Unit 1 Living well
Learning about Language
1 Fill in the table below. You can use the dictionary to help you.