Literature of the Revolution Period
the Puritans two types of writers
two antagonistic(敌对的)camps:
the Royalists the Puritan type the Cavalier type
English literature of the Revolution and restoration period was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time.
Important Points
• • • • • 1. Three kinds of poets. Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人), Cavalier poet(保皇派诗人), the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). 2. Literary term: Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌)
• The Civil Wars • James I (1603-1625) and the Parliament • Charles I (1625-1649) • Cromwell as Lord Protector • The new Parliament ——导火索
The English Civil War
The Civil Wars
The Civil Wars C. There were two sides to the argument: people who
supported the king (royalists) and people who supported the Parliament’s power (parliamentarians). D.The fundamental reason was the conflict between the economic interests of the urban middle classes represented by the Parliament and the feudal landowners represented by the Crown. E. But it wasn’t just a war over politics: it was a war between two systems of social ( Traditional system and New system ) a economic development. • Consequences : A. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule i
• The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of arme conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The first Civil Wa (1642–1646) opposed the supporters of King Charles I. A the second (1648–49) was against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. • Reasons : Beacause of the absolute rule of Charles, the confrontation between Charles I and the Parliament developed into
1、革命开始于1640－1642年议会斗争，资产阶级、新 贵族控制下的下议会要求限制王权，英国资产阶级革命 开始。 2、1642－1649内战期间。克伦威尔率领的议会军在纳 西比战役，马斯顿荒原战役中击溃王党军。 3、1649年，查理一世被处死，英国成立了共和国。 4、1660年，斯图亚特封建王朝（查理二世）复辟。 5、1688年，支持议会的辉格党人与部分托利党人邀请 詹姆士二世的女儿玛丽和时任荷兰奥兰治执政的女婿威 廉（后来的玛丽二世和威廉三世）回国执政，发动宫廷 政变，推翻斯图亚特王朝封建统治，建立了资产阶级新 贵族的统治，史称“光荣革命”。 6、1689年，颁布《权利法案》标志君主立宪制的资产 阶级统治确立。
Oliver Cromwell, by merchants, artisans, apprentices, peasants, cities and countryside
• British bourgeois revolution is a major victory in human history, the capitalist system to the feudal system. • Bourgeois revolution establishes the dominance of capitalist production relations in the UK. • In world history, British bourgeois revolution opened the prelude of the bourgeois revolutionary movement in Europe and North America and had hit the economic foundation of Europe and even all feudal countries in the world. • This revolution promoted the process of history development in the world. It is the beginning of modern world history. • British bourgeois revolution had not fundamentally solved lagging behind of the political and economic systems. On the contrary, it suppressed the British people’s uprising with reactionary aristocracy.
Oliver Cromwell
The Glorious Revolution
Conversion to Catholicism in 1673.
During his three-year reign, King James II became directly involved in the political battles in England between Catholicism and Protestantism on the one hand, and on the other, between the Divine Right of Kings and the political rights of the Parliament of England.
The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution
English Literature of the 17th Century
The Outburst of the English Revolution
two camps
the Parliamentary party(议会党) the Royalists(保皇党) the King (Charles I), by the conservative gentry(保守党的贵族们), The big landlords, the monopolists
The Political System of BritБайду номын сангаасin
班级：12级英本8班 学号：1203150821 姓名：甄吉芳
The Political System of Britain
The United Kingdom today is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentar y democracy. But unlike other countries in the world, the UK has no writt en constitution in any one documents; it is only partly written and contain ed in multiple documents. The English constitution shows the following c haracteristics: Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary sovereignty, Repr esentative democracy, and the rule of law. In United Kingdom, Parliamen t is the supreme legislation body. It comprises three elements: the Crow n, the nonelected House of Lords, and the elected House of Commons. The House of Commons is consisted of 651 people and it is also known as Lower Hous e. However, known as the Upper House, the House of Lords today is mor e a place of discussion and debate rather than one of substantial power. The English government is instituted at three levels: central government , country government and district government. Since 1945, the British pa rty politics has been a twoparty system of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either the Conservat