2.2.4 整体篇章表达

例2. A few days later, with appeals to the Supreme Court and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger both rejected, Clarence Ray Allen, a blind, diabetic 76-year-old convicted of have three people killed, including his son’s girlfriend, was helped from his wheelchair and put to death by lethal injection in California.
2.2.4 整体篇章表达

例1：it was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of the Light, it was the season of the Darkness; it was the spring of Hope, it was the winter of Despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.


误译表达：草药帮助咳嗽 （×） 正确表达：草药有利于咳 We saw an acrobat standing on his head. 我们看见杂技演员正倒立着。
例2. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰为人可靠，既忠诚又正直。


例2， Scientists defined the temperature requirements necessary for survival the black carp. 科学家证实了青鱼生存所需温度。

2.2.3 句子的表达

例3. Gauss published some 155 titles during
2.2.4 整体篇章表达

几天后， 提交到最高法院和州长阿诺·施 瓦辛格的两个上诉都被驳回。76岁的糖尿 病患者、盲人克拉伦斯·雷·艾伦被判有 罪，在加州被抱下轮椅，注入毒剂处死。 他的罪名是杀害了三人，其中包括他儿子 的女友。
2.3 认真审校（Proofreading &Correction）
his lifetimes, and he left behind a large quantity of unpublished work.

高斯一生发表过约155篇论文，而且还留下 了大量未发表过的作品。
2.2.3 句子的表达
例4. It is the same old story (what usually happens) of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of the health until we are ill.
还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康。
2.2.3 句子的表达

例5. A good teacher should have his head in the
clouds sometimes, but his feet always on the ground.

好老师有时应富于幻想，但时时刻刻须从 实际出发。

例1： It is hardly possible here to summarize his ideas. Suffice it to point out /say that they constitute a dependable response to the demands of a crisis which steadily increases the feelings of helplessness and hopelessness of the individual by asserting his primacy and supremacy and open up a perspective of restoring sanity and decency in public life.
Having done 是现在分词主动语态的完成式，往往表示的
动词发生在谓语动词之前， 即先发现无名小岛，然后才在 此过冬。winter 此句可改写为：After they had discovered an unknown
island, they wintered upon it.
2.1.1 正确理解句子
tediousness

Minority ethnic group
2.2 流畅表达（Fluency in Expressing）

表达是理解后能否保证成功的又一重要关 键步骤，是理解的深化和表达，译者要恰 当好处的再现原文的内容。能直译时就直 译，不能直译在考虑意译。
例1： Medicinal Herbs help cough.
2.1.1 正确理解句子

例1：The woman who said she saw the murderer wears glasses.
那个说看到凶手的女子，戴着眼镜。

2.1.1 正确理解句子

例2： Having discovered an unknown island, they wintered upon it.

审校是对理解和表达质量的全面检查，是纠正译 文改正错误的极好机会，且不可认为是多余之举， 优秀的译者总是十分重视审校的步骤，因此，初 学的翻译者更应重视。
Test 1

A greeting card can warm a heart, hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surprise a child, woo a sweetheart, toast a bride, welcome a stranger, wave a goodbye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ease a pain, boost a morale, stop a worry and start a tradition.
第二章 翻译的过程
Processes of Translation
第二章 翻译的过程
1. Comprehensive Reading; 2. Fluency in Expressing; 3. Proofreading & Correction;

2.1.0正确理解词义

英语中一词多义的情况很常见，在不同的语境 有不同的意义。如下面例句中的action 与 declare就有不同意义：
1）Actions speak louder than words.


2) Exert a chemical action on a metal. 3) He saw (was involved in) action in North Africa.
2.1.0正确理解词义



1) The court declared him innocent on the spot. 2) Do you have anything to declare? (in Customs) 3) They declared themselves against the plan.

Various shed tears substitute dissipated
2.2.4 整体篇章表达

这是最好的时代， 也是最坏的时代；是智 慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；是信仰的时 代，也是怀疑的时代；是光明的季节，也 是黑暗的季节；是充满希望的春天，也是 令人绝望的冬天；我们拥有一切，我们一 无所有；我们正在走向天堂，我们也正在 走向地狱。


2.2.2短语的表达

例3. After the failure of his last novel, his
reputation stands on slippery ground.

由于上一部小说销量不畅， 他的名声从此 岌岌可危。
2.2.3 句子的表达

例1，The children are not allowed to enter the theatre without permission. 未经允许，儿童不能进入剧院。

例3. It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.

当您意识到您的杰出事业是如此广泛的受 到尊敬与欣赏，您就会为自己增添力量。
2.1.2 正确理解段落与篇章