（0181）《语言学导论》网上作业题及答案1：第一批作业2：第二批作业3：第三批作业4：第四批作业5：第五批作业6：第六批作业1：[单选题]Which of the following sounds is an unvoiced dental fricative? _______A: [s]B:[ts]C:[w]D:[t]参考答案：A正确2：[单选题]Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _____ and meanings.A：senseB：soundsC：objectsD：ideas参考答案：B正确3：[单选题]Modern linguistics regards the written language as _____.A：primaryB：betterC：secondaryD：unchangeable参考答案：C正确4：[单选题]Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A：ArbitrarinessB：DisplacementC：DualityD：Meaningfulness参考答案：D正确5：[单选题]If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______.A：prescriptiveB：analyticC：descriptiveD：linguistic参考答案：C正确6：[判断题]The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.参考答案：错误正确7：[判断题]Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.参考答案：正确正确8：[判断题]A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 参考答案：错误正确9：[判断题]Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.参考答案：正确正确10：[判断题]Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.参考答案：错误正确11：[单选题]Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.A：FalseB：True参考答案：A正确12：[单选题]Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.A：FalseB：True参考答案：B正确13：[单选题]_____ is the study of meaning in language.B:Applied linguisticsC:MorphologyD:Semantics参考答案：D正确14：[单选题]The branch of linguistic study called _____ is concerned with how speakers use the sentences of a language to achieve effective and successful communication.A:sociolinguisticsB:pragmaticsC:syntaxD:computational linguistics参考答案：B正确15：[单选题]When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas, it serves a _____ function.A:expressiveB:evocativeC:performativeD:phatic参考答案：D正确16：[单选题]By _____, we mean language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.A:cultural transmissionB: interchangeabilityC:displacementD:creativity参考答案：C正确17：[单选题]Language serves the ________ function when it is used to express the speaker's feeling or attitude or to arouse a certain feeling or attitude in the hearer.B:informativeC:emotiveD:directive参考答案：C正确18：[单选题]Foreign language learners' errors may be caused by ________.A:borrowing patterns from the mother tongueB:extending patterns form the target language, e.g. by analogyC:expressing meanings using the words and grammar which are already knownD:all the above three参考答案：D正确19：[单选题]Which one of the following statements does not account for the primacy of speech over writing in linguistic analysis? _______A:Speech existed long before writing systems came into being.B:Speech is more complex than writing.C:Genetically children learn to speak before learning to write.D: Written forms just represent in this way or that the speech sounds.参考答案：B正确20：[单选题]A ______ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.A:rootB:free morphemeC:stemD:suffix参考答案：C正确21：[单选题]_____ studies the changes in language and language use with respect to social factors.A:SociolinguisticsB:Comparative linguisticsC:SyntaxD:Computational linguistics参考答案：A正确22：[单选题]_____ are produced when the nasal passage is opened by lowering the soft palate ant the back of the throat and the air is allowed to pass through it.A:Semi-vowelsB:AffricatesC:NasalsD:Glides参考答案：C正确23：[单选题]The syllabic structure of the word "children" is ______.A:CVCCVCB:CCVCCCVCC:CCVCCVCD:CVVCCVC参考答案：A正确24：[单选题]There are ______ morphemes in the word "policemen".A: twoB:threeC:fourD:five参考答案：B正确25：[单选题]Of the following sounds, ______ is a rounded vowel.A:[au]B: [u:]C:[ju:]D:[e]参考答案：B正确26：[单选题]Which of the following statements is FALSE:A:Language is just for communication.B:Language is one of many ways in which we experience the world.C: Language is a sign system.D:Language is arbitrary and conventional.参考答案：A正确1：[判断题]All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.参考答案：正确正确2：[单选题]In first language acquisition, imitation plays ___.A：a minor roleB：a significant roleC：a basic roleD：no role参考答案：A正确3：[单选题]_____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.A：WordsB：MorphemesC：PhonemesD：Sentences参考答案：B正确4：[单选题]Bound morphemes are those that ____.A：have to be used independentlyB：can not be combined with other morphemesC：can stand as words on their ownD：have to be combined with other morphemes参考答案：D正确5：[单选题]The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _____.A：lexicalB：morphemicC：grammaticalD：semantic参考答案：C正确6：[单选题]A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A：backB：centralC：frontD：middle参考答案：C正确7：[判断题]Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.参考答案：错误正确8：[单选题]The sound /f/ is ____.A：voiced palatal affricateB：voiced alveolar stopC：voiceless velar fricativeD：voiceless labiodental fricative参考答案：D正确9：[单选题]Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _____.A：in phonemic contrastB：in complementary distributionC：the allophonesD：minimal pair参考答案：A正确10：[单选题]The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by "copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ______.A：identicalB：sameC：exactly alikeD：similar参考答案：D正确11：[单选题]____ is a voiced alveolar stop.A：/z/B：/d/C：/k/D：/b/参考答案：B正确12：[单选题]The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.A：voicelessB：voicedC：vowelD：consonantal参考答案：A正确13：[单选题]According to Grice's theory, a conversational implicature arises when the cooperative principle and its maxims are _______.A:strictly observedB:secretly and deliberately violatedC:blatantly or apparently violatedD:Both A and B参考答案：C正确14：[单选题]Teaching culture in our language classes can _______.A:get the students familiar with cultural differencesB:help the students transcend their own culture and see things as the members of the target culture willC:emphasize the inseparability of understanding language and understanding culture through various classroom practicesD:All of the above.参考答案：D正确15：[单选题]Which of the following statements about machine translation is likely to be wrong? _______.A: Machine translation has always been a chief concern in computational linguistics.B:There are areas where machine translation surpasses human translations.C:Sooner or later, machine translation will replace human translation completely.D:In some areas, human translations surpasses machine translation.参考答案：C正确16：[单选题]Which of the following qualities is not the requirement of a good test? _______. A:ObjectivityB:ReliabilityC:ValidityD:Both A and C参考答案：A正确17：[单选题]Many Chinese English learners may, at the beginning stage, produce "mans” and "photoes” as the plural forms of "man” and "photo”. This is most likely the result of _______ in the process of foreign language learning.A:Negative transferB:OvergeneralizationC:Positive transferD:mother tongue interference参考答案：B正确18：[单选题]The relation between the two words "buy” and "sell” can be described as____.A: gradable antonymyB:converse antonymyC:complementary antonymyD:synonymy参考答案：B正确19：[单选题]_______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. A:RootsB:StemsC:AffixesD:Compounds参考答案：C正确20：[单选题]The syllabic structure of the word "achi eved” is ______.A:VCCVCCB:VCVCCC:VCVVCVCD:VCCVCVC参考答案：B正确21：[单选题]The Cooperative Principle that language users are believed to follow was initially proposed by_________.A:GriceB: AustinC:ChomskyD:Saussure参考答案：A正确22：[单选题]Language serves the _______ function when it is used to talk about language itself. A:recreationalB:metalingualC:phaticD:performative参考答案：B正确23：[判断题]The statement "His car is yellow" entails the statement "He has a car".参考答案：错误正确1：[判断题]“alive” and “dead” are complementary antonyms.参考答案：正确正确2：[判断题]Componential analysis is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.参考答案：正确正确3：[判断题]The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by Halliday.参考答案：错误正确4：[判断题]The Cooperative Principle is advanced by Paul Grice.参考答案：正确正确5：[判断题]What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.参考答案：正确正确6：[判断题]Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.参考答案：错误正确7：[判断题]Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.参考答案：错误正确8：[判断题]“Smog” is a word formed by th e word-forming process called acronymy.参考答案：错误正确9：[判断题]Hyponymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.参考答案：错误正确10：[判断题]Derivation refers to the process by which new words are formed by the addition of affixes to the roots, stems, or words.参考答案：正确正确11：[判断题]The kind of name or term speakers use to call or refer to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual.参考答案：正确正确12：[判断题]Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing.参考答案：错误正确13：[判断题]Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages.参考答案：错误正确14：[判断题]The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.参考答案：错误正确15：[判断题]Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way.参考答案：错误正确16：[判断题]A person's social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.参考答案：错误正确17：[判断题]Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.参考答案：正确正确18：[判断题]Observations of children in different language areas of the world reveal that the developmental stages are similar, possibly universal, whatever the nature of the input.参考答案：正确正确19：[判断题]For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of adults.参考答案：正确正确20：[判断题]Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages.参考答案：错误正确1：[填空题]____ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.参考答案：Morpheme2：[填空题]"WTO" is an ______ made up from teh first letters of the name of the organization "World Trade Organization".参考答案：acronym3：[填空题]The transformational-generative grammar was proposed by the American linguist Noam ______.参考答案：Chomsky4：[填空题]Michael A. K. Halliday has developed the ______ grammar.参考答案：systemic-functional5：[填空题]The phrase "on the shelf" is an ______ construction.参考答案：exocentric6：[填空题]"Poor John" and "ran away" are the _____ constituents of the sentence "Poor John ran away".参考答案：exocentric7：[填空题]The _______ relation is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.参考答案：paradigmatic8：[填空题]_______ is the study of teh formation of sentences in a language.参考答案：Syntax9：[填空题]______ is a branch of linguistics which studies teh internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.参考答案：Morphology10：[填空题]The word "brunch" is formed by way of _____ from "breakfast" and "lunch".参考答案：blending11：[填空题]A ____ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.参考答案：stem12：[填空题]An ______ is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.参考答案：affix13：[填空题]______ affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach to.参考答案：Inflectional14：[填空题]A ____ is the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity.参考答案：bound morphemes15：[填空题]Morphemes that can not occur alone are called _________.参考答案：bound morphemes16：[填空题]Words which consist more than one free morphemes are called _____.参考答案：bound morphemes17：[填空题]Morphemes that may constitute words by themselves are ______.参考答案：compounds1：[单选题]When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.A：impolitenessB：contradictionsC：mutual understandingD：conversational implicatures参考答案：Dcompounds2：[单选题]__________ is advanced by Paul Grice.A：Cooperative PrincipleB：Politeness PrincipleC：The General Principle of universal grammarD：Adjacency Principle参考答案：Acompounds3：[单选题]__________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A：A locutionary actB：An illocutionary actC：A perlocutionary actD：A performative act参考答案：Ccompounds4：[单选题]If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _________.A：constativeB：directiveC：utteranceD：expressive参考答案：Ccompounds5：[单选题]A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A：pragmaticB：grammaticalC：mentalD：conceptual参考答案：Bcompounds6：[单选题]_________ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A：PragmaticsB：SemanticsC：Sense relationD：Concept参考答案：Acompounds7：[单选题]Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A：homonymsB：polysemyC：hyponymsD：synonyms参考答案：Dcompounds8：[单选题]___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A：PolysemyB：SynonymyC：HomonymyD：Hyponymy参考答案：Ccompounds9：[单选题]_________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A：ReferenceB：ConceptC：SemanticsD：Sense参考答案：Acompounds10：[单选题]“Can I borrow your bike?” _______ “You have a bike.”A：is synonymous withB：is inconsistent withC：entailsD：presupposes参考答案：Dcompounds11：[判断题]Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.参考答案：错误compounds12：[单选题]The naming theory is advanced by ________.A：PlatoB：BloomfieldC：Geoffrey LeechD：Firth参考答案：Acompounds13：[判断题]Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.参考答案：正确compounds14：[判断题]Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.参考答案：错误compounds15：[判断题]Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.参考答案：错误compounds16：[判断题]What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.参考答案：正确compounds17：[判断题]Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.参考答案：错误compounds18：[判断题]The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components. 参考答案：错误compounds19：[判断题]Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.参考答案：正确compounds20：[判断题]Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.参考答案：正确compounds1：[判断题]Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain.参考答案：正确compounds2：[判断题]Social changes can often bring about language changes.参考答案：正确compounds3：[判断题]Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.参考答案：正确compounds4：[判断题]Imitation plays at best a very minor role in the child's mastery of language.参考答案：正确compounds5：[判断题]The capacity to acquire one's first language is a fundamental human trait that all human beings are equally well possessed with.参考答案：正确compounds6：[判断题]L1 development and L2 development seem to involve the same processes.参考答案：错误compounds7：[单选题]_________, except those with mental or physical impairments, are better or worse first language acquirers.A：Some menB：Almost all menC：No menD：Few men参考答案：Ccompounds8：[判断题]All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.参考答案：正确compounds9：[单选题]A linguistic ____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibit¬ed by the "polite" society from general use.A：slangB：euphemismC：jargonD：taboo参考答案：Dcompounds10：[判断题]Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.参考答案：正确compounds。