Technical English
For Information Science and Electronic Engineering
Unit 2
Integrated Circuits
Part I
The Integrated Circuit
transistor 晶体管
New Words
topology拓扑，布局
flip-flop触发器，双稳态多谐振荡器 die印模，模子
silicon 硅
valve阀
phosphorous 磷的
insulate绝缘，隔离
bipolar 有两极的，双极的
doping掺杂(质)
base基极
germanium锗
emitter发射极
boron硼
drain漏极
field-effect场效应
2
This figure shows both the silicon structures of these elements and their graphical symbolic representation as would be seen in a circuit diagram. The BJT shown is an NPN transistor, because it is composed of a sandwich of N-P-N doped silicon. When a small current is injected into the base terminal, a larger current is enabled to flow from the collector to the emitter.
Collector Emitter Base
N P N
Source
Gate
N P
Drain N
Base
Collector
Emitter BJT
Gate
Drain
Source FET
Anode P N
Cathode
Anode
Cathode Diode
图2.1给出了双极型晶体管 和场效应晶体管的图示。
10
查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半 导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。
7
1
They are called semiconductors because of their ability to behave as both metals and nonmetals. A semiconductor can be made to conduct electricity like a metal or to insulate as a nonmetal does. These differing electrical properties can be accurately controlled by mixing the semiconductor with small amounts of other elements.
diode二极管
collector集电极
slab厚片，板层
gate栅极
4
source源极 protrude突出 solder焊接，焊料
New Words ceramic陶瓷 complementary互补的，补充的
5
1
Digital logic and electronic circuits derive their functionality from electronic switches called transistor. Roughly speaking, the transistor can be likened to an electronically controlled valve whereby energy applied to one connection of the valve enables energy to flow between two other connections.1
可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非 金属那样绝缘。
8
1
This mixing is called doping. A semiconductor can be doped to contain more electrons (N-type) or fewer electrons (P-type). Examples of commonly used semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Phosphorous and boron are two elements that are used to dope N-type and P-type silicon, respectively.3
由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们 的（各种）功能
粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀 一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。
6
1
By combining multiple transistors, digital logic building blocks such as AND gates and flip-flops are formed. Transistors, in turn, are made from semiconductors. Consult a periodic table of elements in a college chemistry textbook, and you will locate semiconductors as a group of elements separating the metals and nonmetals.2
N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半 导体掺入硼元素。
9
2
A transistor is constructed by creating a sandwich of differently doped semiconductor layers. The two most common types of transistors, the bipolar-junction transistor (BJT) and the field-effect transistor (FET) are schematically illustrated in Figure 2.1.