Here's a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it's more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.
Part B Optional Translations (二选一题)（30 points）
Topic 1 (选题一)
Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817,economic scripturehas taught thatopen trade-free of tariffs,quotas,subsidiesor other governmentdistortions-improves the well-being of both parties.U.S.policy has implemented this doctrinewith a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called "comparative advantage".
IfAmericatrades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower will begin dragging downU.S.average wages. TheU.S.economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.
2005.5真题
It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on thistributaryof theAmazon Riverdream about.
With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school ofbass, a tasty fish thatfetchesa good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen smallcanoeshere.
A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis ofoverfishing. As stocks of the most popular speciesdiminishto worrisome levels, tensions are growing betweensubsistencefishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager toenrich their bottom lineand satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers inBraziland abroad.
Buthoveringnearby was a largecommercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with largeice chestsfor storage andhaulingmore than a dozen smallercraft. The crew on board was just waiting for theremainderof the fish to move into the river's main channel, where they intended toscoop upas many as they could with their efficientgill nets.
By extension, even if theUnited Statesis efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines,it makes sensefor theUnited Statesto let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has always been thepremise. But here Samuelsondissents. What if the lower wage country alsocapturesthe advanced industry?
Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, includingmalariaand AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money onpreventivecare and better public health information.
"With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of thelocal fishermen's cooperative,exultedas he moved into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.
If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers tooutsourcing（外包）, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power.
Uganda has alsomade stridesin secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with theprivate sectorproviding the majorityof schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.
Topic 2（选题二）
Uganda's eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren's smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education,total primary enrollmenthad risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.