Ⅰ. 非限制性定语从句我将永远不会忘记我第一次遇到你的那一天。
(when引导限制性定语从句)*They will set off for London next year, when they will have enough money.他们打算明年去伦敦, 届时钱也凑够了。
(when引导非限制性定语从句)*He has found the hammer that he was looking for.他找到了他正在寻找的那把锤子。
(that引导限制性定语从句)*A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
(who引导限制性定语从句)*The reason why he refused her is not known.他拒绝她的原因还不知道。
(why引导限制性定语从句)*That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.彼得要娶爱丽丝这件事还没宣布, 却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
(which引导非限制性定语从句)*The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.那些想踢足球的孩子, 都因下雨而感到失望。
(who引导非限制性定语从句)【名师点津】非限制性定语从句关系词三不能(1)关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句, 但可以用for which代替why来引导。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句指物时, 关系代词不用that只用which。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中, 关系代词作宾语时不能省略, 关系代词指人时, 只能用whom, 不能用who。
【思维延伸】间隔式定语从句一般来说, 定语从句紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时定语从句和先行词被其他成分隔开。
这种情况有:1. 定语分隔型一个中心词带多个定语时, 一般来说, 结构较短, 与中心词关系密切的在前, 反之靠后。
*They set up a state of their own, where they could be free to keep Negroes as slaves.他们建立起自己的国家, 在那儿他们可以随心所欲地把黑人当作奴隶。
2. 状语分隔型在定语从句较长的情况下, 为了保持句子平衡, 常把作状语的单词、短语或从句插到定语从句和先行词之间, 使定语从句与先行词分离。
*In 1898, they believed that there exists something in nature which gave out radioactivity.1898年, 他们相信自然界中存在着具有放射性的某种东西。
3. 谓语分隔型这种情况, 先行词多是主句主语, 所带的定语从句较长, 而句子的谓语部分又恰恰较短, 为了使句子结构紧凑, 常把定语从句放在谓语后面。
*A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you Germa n.教你们德语的新老师明天就到。
4. 宾语补足语分隔型句子的宾语带定语从句时, 往往由于宾语补足语较短, 而定语从句较长, 这时先行词和定语从句就会被宾语补足语所分隔。
*He made the child laugh who had cried just a moment ago.他使那个刚才还哭的孩子笑了。
【即学活用】用适当的关系词填空。
①I will cherish the time _____ I won the prize in the English competition.②They work in a factory __________ makes radio parts.③I met the famous professor in the hotel, ______ the meeting was held.④James lent me some money, ______ was very generous of him.二、as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别正如有人曾经说过的那样, 金钱是万恶之源。
*Tom did really well in his exams, which was a big surprise.汤姆考得非常好, 真令人惊讶。
【即学活用】用适当的关系词填空。
①They had to delay the sports meet till next week, _____ the weather will be fine.②I know a woman named Mary, ______ story of personal responsibility has alwaysinspired me.③Dick is going to join in the football game, ______ was agreed at the meeting.④___ is said above, the number of the students in our school has increased.⑤The old couple, ______ I’m sure you remember, passed away within a week of one another.三、“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句1. “介词+which/whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句, 又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
*The sun gives us light and heat, without which we can’t live. 太阳为我们提供光和热, 没有它我们就不能生存。
*There wasn’t a single person in the dark street, to whom she could turn for help.漆黑的街上没有一个她可以求助的人。
2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略且that不可用于此结构。
*Air, without which man can’t live, is really important.空气确实太重要了, 没有空气人类就不能生存。
3. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where和why互换。
*Is this company the one in which(=where)you worked half a year ago?这就是半年前你在那儿工作的公司吗?4. 在“介词+which/whom”之前可以使用表示数量或定位的数词或代词。
(1)常见的代词有all, none, both, neither, any, each, either等。
*He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深爱着他的父母, 他们都对他很慈爱。
(2)常见的表示数量的词有a few, several, many, a lot, a large number, a great many,a great deal, a large quantity等。
*They asked me a lot of questions, many of which I couldn’t answer.他们问了我很多问题, 其中有许多我不会回答。
(3)the+形容词的最高级, the+last, the+序数词。
*There are seven continents in the world, the largest of which is Asia. 世界上有七大洲, 最大的是亚洲。
【即学活用】根据语境, 填入恰当的引导词。
①There are four rooms in the house, one of ______ is a drawing room.②We will move into the new house next week, by ______ time it will be completed.③The workers, some of ______ stayed there for two years, came from Africa.④His new job has several advantages, ___________is a large salary.⑤The Nile, from ______ electricity is produced, now runs regularly below the dam.四. 定语从句和其它从句的区分1．定语从句与并列结构（1）She won the first prize in the speech contest and _____ surprised us. (2) She won the first prize in the speech contest, _____ surprised us.2.定语从句与结果状语从句（1）This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read .(2) This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read it3.定语从句与地点状语从句（1）He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher.(2) He advised me to live in the place ____ the air is fresher.4. 定语从句与主语从句(1) _____ is known to everyone that the place is part of China.(2) _____ is known to everyone, the place is part of China.(3) _____ is known to everyone is that the place is part of China.(4) _____ the place is part of China is known to everyone.5.定语从句与宾语从句（1）Our teacher did all _____ he could to help them.(2) Our teacher did _____ he could to help them.6. 定语从句与同位语从句（1）The fact _____ she told me yesterday is very important.(2) The fact _____ she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.7.定语从句与表语从句(1) Is this factory ______ you visited a few days ago?(2) Is this the factory ______ the exhibition was held?8. 定语从句与强调结构（1）It is the place _____ they lived before.(2) It is in the place _____ they lived before.(3)-- Where did you interview the composer?-- It was in the hotel _____ he stayed.A. whereB. thatⅡ. 反意疑问句一、反意疑问句的基本概念反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句(tag question)。