一. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Background of the theory • Maslow suggested that motivation is simply action taken to meet a need. 满足一种需求 • Individuals always have needs. • However, those needs differ by kind. • When one need is met, another emerges.
那些指向组织目标并与组织目标始终一致的努力才是我们 所追求的。
Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal.
受到动机激励的个体可以长时间地从事一项任务，直到实 现他们的目标。
Early Theories of Motivation（掌握）
2.The theory content
Self-actualization needs
Esteem needs Sociality needs LowerOrder needs
HigherOrder Needs
Safety needs
Basic or physiological needs
Details:
受到损害，或没有危险； 安全的，可靠的；
• Need for love,affection,sense of belongingness in one’s relationships with other persons.
organisational factors such as :
cohesive work group ;friendly supervision ;
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory
马斯洛 需要层次理论
• Alderfer's ERG theory
奥尔德弗 “ERG”理论
• Theory X and theory Y
X理论和Y理论
• Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
赫茨伯格 双因素理论
Motivation
Main Contents
Defining motivation
界定动机/激励
Early Theories of Motivation
早期的动机理论
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
当代的动机理论
Defining motivation（掌握）
使（痛苦等）易于忍受，减轻；
• supervisors should help newcomers fit in and thus meet their needs for affection and belonging. when necessary, supervisors should take steps to help isolated employees fit in to the group so that their skills are fully tapped.
• Sociality needs (Love and affection needs) are at the third level. When free from harm and secure in satisfying basic needs, people seek affection from others. 爱慕，钟爱，慈爱； 未
• Safety needs are at the second level of the hierarchy. They include requirements for avoiding threats and being free from the elements. 威胁，潜在的危险；不受这些因素的影响；
professional associations
• Esteem needs are at the fourth level of the hierarchy. People need to feel their dignity （高尚、最贵、高贵）and self-worth（自尊、自 大）. They have a deep need to be esteemed by themselves and others.
If you want to motivate someone, you need to understand what level of the hierarchy that person is currently on and focus on satisfying the needs at or above that level.
• Self-actualization needs are at the fifth and highest level of the hierarchy.
尊严，高贵；自我价值
• Highest need level;need to fulfill oneself;to grow and use abilities to fullest and most creative extent. • organisational factors such as : • challenging job ;opportunities for creativity ; achievement in work ; advancement(晋升) in the organization
高强度不一定会带来令人满意的工作业绩，除非这种努力 指向有利于组织的方向。
Effort that is directed toward, and consistent with, the organization’s goals is the kind of effort that we should be seeking.
产生，出现
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory offers a pyramid of physiological, safety, social, esteem,and self-actualization needs. • Higher order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are esteem and self-actualization. • Lower order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are physiological,safety,and social.
孤独的； 开发，挖掘；
Hierarchy of Needs Theory in China
• Kongzi & human nature • 性相近，习相远也 • 孔子认为：“子曰：富（财富）与贵（高 贵的地位），是人之所欲也，不以其道得 之，不处也”。 • Mengzi 性善论 告子：“食，色性也” • 荀子 性恶论 • 古人管子：“凡人之有为也，非名之则利 之” • 人活着为了什么呢？
如果你想激励某个人，你就需要了解他目前处于哪个需要 层次，然后重点满足这种需要以及在其以上的更高层次的 需要。
3.Applying the theory
• If people can’t meet basic needs from the jobs which he is doing, they will change jobs for a few dollars. • Supervisors should alert individuals to hazardous substances or possible safety hazards that they may encounter in the work setting.
• Basic or physiological needs are at the base of the hierarchy. Fulfillment of them permits survival-and nothing more. They include requirements for food, water, air, shelter, sleep, and so on.
• Need for security,protection,and stability in the physical and interpersonal events of day-today life.
organisational factors such as :safe working conditions company benefits job security
改变； ld also be concerned about helping individuals learn the work they are to do. By doing so they will alleviate some employee fears about losing their jobs due to poor job performance.
• Need for esteem of others;respect,prestige, recognition, need for self-esteem, personal sense of competence,mastery.
• organisational factors such as : social recognition; job title ; high status job ;feedback from the job itself