1 / 9生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negative feedback)8.正反馈(positive feedback)9.前馈(feed-forward) 第二章细胞的基本功能10.被动转运(passive transport)11.单纯扩散(simple diffusion)12.经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)13.经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel)14.电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel) 15.离子通道(ion channel)16.化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel) 17.机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel) 18.原发性主动转运(primary active transport)19.继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)20.同向转运(symport)21.反向转运(antiport)22.出胞(exocytosis)23.入胞(endocytosis)24.跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction)25.刺激(stimulation) 26.兴奋(excitation)2 / 927.兴奋性(excitability) 28.阈值(threshold) 29.极化(polarization)30.去极化(depolarization)31.超极化(hyperpolarization)32.复极化(repolarization)33.内向电流(inward current)34.外向电流(outward current)35.电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)36.静息电位(resting potential) 37. K平衡电位(Kequilibrium potential)38.动作电位(action potential) 39.超射(overshoot)40.“全或无”现象(“all or none”phenomenon)41.阈电位(threshold potential)42.局部电位(local potential)++43.时间性总和(temporal summation)44.空间性总和(spatial summation)45.量子释放(quantal release)46.兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)47.等长收缩(isometric contraction)48.等张收缩(isotonic contraction)49.前负荷(preload)50.后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(incomplete tetauns)53.完全强直收缩(complete tetanus)54.运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液55.血细胞比容(hematocrit)56.血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure)57.血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)3 / 958.血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)59.悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility)62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion)63.血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleeding time)66.凝血时间(clotting time)67.血液凝固(blood coagulation)68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clotting factor)70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway)72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(blood group)74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-match test)第四章血液循环78.心动周期(cardiac cycle)79.等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)80.等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)81.每搏输出量(stroke volume)82.射血分数(ejection fraction)83.心输出量(cardiac output)84心指数(cardiac index)85.异长调节(heterometric regulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)4 / 988.等长调节(homometric regulation)89.快反应细胞(fast response cell)90.慢反应细胞(slow response cell)91.期前收缩(premature systole)92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity)94.正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker)96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)98.膜反应曲线(membrane responsiveness curve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Carelease)100.外周阻力(peripheral resistance)101.动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)102.收缩压(systolic pressure)103.舒张压(diastolic pressure)104.平均动脉压(mean arterialpressure)105.中心静脉压(central venous pressure)106.微循环(microcirculation)107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)2+第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation)109.肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratory movement)111.弹性阻力(elastic resistance)112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性(static compliance)114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)5 / 9118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity) 122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume) 123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content) 130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve)132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex) 第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion)134.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)135.化学性消化(chemical digestion)136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slowwave)138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinalhormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingut peptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus bicarbonate barrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)142.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)143.紧张性收缩(tonic contraction)144.胃的排空(gastric emptying)6 / 9145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastricreflex)146.分节运动(segmentationcontraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salt)第七章能量代谢与体温148.能量代谢(energy metabolism)149.食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food) 150.氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151.呼吸商(respiratory quotient)152.基础代谢率(basal metabolicrate) 153.体温(body temperature)154.温热性发汗(thermal sweating)155.精神性发汗(mental sweating156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron) 第八章尿的生成和排出158.管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)159.肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate) 160.滤过分数(filtration fraction)161.有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure) 162.肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)163.葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfer maximum of glucose)164.渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)165.球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166.水利尿(water diuresis)167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能7 / 9168.感受器(receptor)169.感觉器官(sense organ)170.适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)171.换能作用(transducer function)172.瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensual light reflex)174.瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)175.视敏度(visual acuity)176.暗适应(dark adaptation)177.明适应(light adaptation)178.视野(visual field)179.听阈(hearing threshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmus)第十章神经系统的功能183.突触(synapse)184.经典的突触(classical synapse)185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential) 186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触(non-directed synapse)188.电突触(electric synapse)189.神经递质(neurotransmitter)190.神经调质(neuromodulator)191.受体(receptor)192.激动剂(agonist)193.拮抗剂(antagonist)194.上调(up regulation)195.下调(down regulation)196.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)197.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)198.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)8 / 9199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)202.特异投射系统(specific projection system) 203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system) 204.牵涉痛(referred pain)205.脊休克(spinal shock)206.牵张反射(stretch reflex)207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)210.α僵直(α-rigidity)211.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)212.自发脑电活动(spontaneous electric activity of the brain)213.脑电图(electroencephalogram)214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system) 215.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)216.异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep)第十一章内分泌217.激素(hormone)218.允许作用(permissive action)219.长反馈(long-loop feedback)220.短反馈(short-loop feedback)221.超短反馈(ultra-short-loop feedback)222.下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223.应激反应(stress reaction)224.应急反应(emergency reaction)第十二章生殖225.月经(menstruation)226.月经周期(menstrual cycle)9 / 9227.增生期(proliferative phase)228.黄体期(luteal phase)。