上海外国语大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语（二外）试题（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共6页）I．Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)1. The idea of traveling through space to other planets interests many people today.A. aB. theC. /D. one2. I this soup. I pepper in it.A. am tasting… am tastingB. am tasting… tasteC. taste… am tastingD. taste…have tasted3. His remarks were annoy everybody at the meeting.A. such as toB. so as toC. such toD. as much as to4. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came5. There are as good fish in the sea ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so6. She fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been7. I’m surprised at there an index.A. not to beB. to be notC. not beingD. being not8. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than .A. the domestic marketer hasB. those of the domestic marketerC. the domestic marketer doesD. that which as the domestic marketer9. It is imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has to10. John often sits in a small bar, drinking and smoking considerably more .A. than that he is healthyB. than good for his healthC. than his health couldD. than is good for his health11. This girl is Mary’s cousin.A. little pretty SwedishB. Swedish litter prettyC. Swedish pretty littleD. pretty little Swedish12. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, to the body.A. the greater the stressB. the stress is greaterC. greater the stress isD. greater is the stress.13.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A. /B. that ofC. which isD. of14. What annoys me is that tomorrow the third time I take my car in to be repaired.A. is … have toB. will be … have toC. is … will have toD. will be … have to15. There has not been a great response to the sale, ?A. does itB. has itC. does thereD. has thereSection B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)1. You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday _____.A. introductionB. advertisementC. bookD. brochure2. A great amount of work has gone into _______ the Cathedral to its previous splendor.A. refreshingB. restoringC. renovatingD. renewing3. The tone of the article ________ the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated4. The job of a student accommodation officer_______ a great many visits to landladies.A. concernsB. offersC. asksD. involves5. It was strange that she would _____ such an absurd idea.A. allowB. stickC. takeD. entertain6. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ______.A. leakingB. tricklingC. prominentD. noticeable7. The reception was attended by ______ members of the local community.A. excellentB. conspicuousC. prominentD. noticeable8. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain.A. called overB. called upC. called outD. called off9. Many people nowadays save money to ______ for their old age.A. caterB. supplyC. provideD. equip10.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn _______on her now that she needs my help.A. my backB. my headC. my eyeD. shoulder11. The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.A. extensiveB. exclusiveC. inclusiveD. comprehensive12. His long beard is a _____ joke among his friends.A. steadyB. standingC. settledD. stable13. Until I took Dr Macy’s class, I was an underachieving student, but I left that class never to underachieve again.A. concernedB. worriedC. determinedD. decided14. The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.A. fallsB. arrivesC. dropsD. happens15. The tuition fees are ______ to students coming from low-income families.A. approachableB. payableC. reachableD. affordableII. Cloze Test (20%, @1%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an _1_ should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, _2_, most people make several job choices during their working lives, _3_ because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve _4_ positions. The ―one perfect job‖ does not exist. Young people should _5_ enter into a broad flexible training program that will _6_ them for a field of work rather than for a single _7_. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans _8_ benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing _9_ about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss _10_. Some drift from job to job. Others _11_ to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for _12_ real or imagined prestige. Too manyhigh-school students --- or their parents for them --- choose the professional field, _13_ both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal _14_. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a ―white-collar‖ job is _15_ good reason for choosing it as lifework. _16_, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the _17_ of young people should give serious _18_ to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants _19_ life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take _20_ for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation2. A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. largely4. A. its B. his C. our D. their5. A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever6. A. prepare B. fit C. take D. leave7. A. job B. way C. means D. company8. A. to B. for C. without D. with9. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot10.A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity11.A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn12.A. our B. its C. your D. their13.A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding14.A. preference B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions15.A. a B. any C. no D. the16.A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover17.A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude18.A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal19.A. towards B. against C. out of D. without20.A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risksIII. Reading Comprehension(10%, @1%)Directions: In this part there are two passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage OneForget the Marlboro man: China is the world’s cigarette king. The mainland produces—and consumes —more tobacco products than any other country in the world. The China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), the state-run cash cow that holds an effective monopoly on the industry, is a source of good business for the party: in 2010, Big Tobacco paid 498.85 billion yuan (around $75 billion) in taxes to the Chinese government, according to the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. More than 300 million Chinese adults smoke — among them more than half of all Chinese men. In 2009, the CNTC says, it produced a whopping 2.3 trillion cigarettes.But all this puffing is sparking serious public-health questions, and experts are now questioning if short-term profits will soon be outweighed by long-term health costs to the state. The World Lung Foundation (WLF) estimates a million people will die from tobacco-related illness in China this year, a toll that’s expected to double by 2020. So far there’s been little oversight of the industry: the Monopoly is, in essence, responsible for tobacco-control efforts. As the WLF’s Dr. Judith Mackay says, it’s been “a bit likeputting a fox in charge of a chicken coop”.No longer. Along with a team of researchers, Yang Gonghuan, the deputy director-general of China’s Center for Disease Control, has published a new report laying out how tobacco is a big drag on the country. Profits from producing cigarettes will fall far short of the eventual health costs of smoking-related illnesses, says Yang. By the report’s estimation, cigarette-industry revenue accounts for some 6.7 perc ent of Beijing’s income. By contrast, the report states that tobacco ―overall poses a loss rather than a benefit to China‖, and other research puts estimated costs from tobacco at about 25 percent more than the revenue generated by the industry.Experts say the report falls in line with an immature awareness of the dangers of tobacco across the country. But for now, the practice of putting warning pictures on cigarette packs — which is working to curb smoking in Latin America —is a long way off. The public-health question for Beijing, then, is whether cashing in on tobacco now will be consumed by the hospital beds that will have to be bought later.1. China is the world’s cigarette king because of ______.A. the greatest amount of tax from cigarette industryB. the greatest number of adult smokersC. the greatest production and consumption of tobaccosD. the most tobacco-related illness2. ―Cash cow‖ in the first paragraph refers to ______.A. Chinese governmentB. China National Tobacco CorporationC. adult smokersD. World Lung Foundation3. What is the implied meaning of the italic words ―a bit like putting a fox in charge of a chicken coop‖ inparagraph two?A. It is unlikely for smokers to give up smoking actively.B. It is impossible to prevent the tobacco-related illness.C. It is impossible to decrease the long-term health costs of tobacco.D. It is impossible for government to control tobacco effectively.4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?A. Putting warning pictures on cigarette packs is an effective way of tobacco-control in LatinAmerica.B. China is lacking in effective mechanism for tobacco-control.C. Common Chinese has full knowledge about the harm of tobacco.D. Cigarette industry generates more loss than revenue.5. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. Tobacco and Public HealthB. The King of CigaretteC. Smoking All the ProfitsD. Tobacco ControlPassage twoDespite D enmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, ―Denmark is a great country.‖ You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars – Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs –there is no Danish Academy to defend against it –old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, ―Few have too much and fewer have too little,‖ and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr and Mrs. It’s a nation of recyclers –about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new –and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers –a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, ―Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free s ociety in the Northern Hemisphere.‖ So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (―Foreigners Out of Denmark!‖), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the r ed light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people –that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, m ore free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.6.The author thinks that Danes adopt a _______ attitude towards their country.A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious7.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A.Fondness of foreign culture.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent planning.8.The author’s reaction to the sta tement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is .A.disapproving.B.approving.C.noncommittal.D.doubtful.9.According to the passage, Danish orderliness .A.sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes.B.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples.C.is considered economically essential to the country.D.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles.10.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that .A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits.B.Danes take for granted what is given to them.C.the open system helps to tide the country over.D.orderliness has alleviated unemployment.IV. Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level.V. Writing(20%)Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words according to the following prompt. A title is needed.Many people will walk in and out of our lives; but only true friends leave footprints in our hearts. Friends are our truest treasures. What is your understanding of true friend?The following statements are for your reference.1.What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. --- Aristotle2.In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our friends. --- Churton Collins。