牛津译林八年级下现在完成时学案知识点一（现在完成时）现在完成时【知识梳理】概念◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。

Eddie has eaten my food.(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。

Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词肯定形式They have finished their homework.He has finished his homework.否定形式They haven’t finished their homework.He hasn’t finished his homework.疑问形式Have they finished their homework?Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.关键词already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now【例题精讲】1.（）Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she ______ the film.A. seesB. sawC. will seeD. has seen解析：考查现在完成时对目前造成影响的用法。

Key：D2.（）-- Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years-- Wow, they are wonderful.A. keptB. have keptC. have boughtD.bought解析：for是现在完成时的标志词，for+一段时间，动词具有延续性。

Key：B【知识梳理】already与yet用法区别already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。

yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般置于句末。

【例题精讲】I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句)I worked out the math problem .解析：already与yet的转换.Key ： have not; yet【知识梳理】since 和for用法区别(1)since的用法①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008。

②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时。

(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。

since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。

since+时间+ago=for +时间【例题精讲】1.They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten years2.We have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago.【巩固练习】I have had a cold _______ last Saturday, I have had a cold ______ 5 days.= I havehad a cold ______ 5 days ago.Key ：since，for, sinceI haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.A. forB. sinceC. fromD. on解析：后面的last Friday 是具体时间点，所以应该用since,选B。

这里需要提醒学生虽然此题后面的last是一般过去时的时间标志，但是跟since 连用之后要用现在完成时。

Key ：B【知识梳理】动词的过去分词的用法Regular verbs Irregular verbsBase form Past participle Base form Past participlevisit visited hit hitrepair repaired put putlive lived meet metmove moved make madetry tried sell soldstudy studied give givenfit fitted write written规则动词的过去分词的构成1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：stop→stopped drop→dropped不规则动词的过去分词的构成1. 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：put→put hurt→hurt become→become run→run 2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：sit→sat win→won hold→held3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：lend→lent spend→spent send→sent4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如：keep→kept sleep→slept5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如：teach→taught buy→bought6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如：say→said pay→paid7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如：give→given eat→eaten【例题精讲】写出下列动词的过去分词1．be___________________ 2．find______________________ 3．begin_________________ 4．forget___________________ 5．bring_________________ 6．leave____________________ 7．draw_________________ 8．work____________________ Keys:been; found; begun; forgotten; brought; left; drew; worked知识点二现在完成时语法补充【知识梳理】have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别1.have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。

如：The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.2.have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。

如：---Where is your uncle? --- He has gone to the supermarket.3.have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。

如：【例题精讲】用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?B: He _____________ there for three days.A: When will he come back, do you know?B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?B: He _____________ there only once.答案: has, gone , has gone, has, been, has been ,have ,been , has ,been, has been【知识梳理】延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法（1）现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。

如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。

误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks.正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks.（2）非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。

如：come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。

间连用。

【例题精讲】--Do you miss your parents far away?--Yes, very much. They the hometown for over two years.A.leftB. have leftC. were away fromD. have been away from 解析: 考查动词的时态。

从句中的for over two years 可知谓语动词是现在完成时表示时间段的延续动词。