英语强调句的若干问题（一）英语强调句概论“强调”，属于一种修辞法，英语中表示“强调”的方式有许多。

在一个句子中，我们可以通过增加某些词语，或者改变原有句式来实现。

例如：That is the very reason why I want to apologize to you.（very 表示“恰恰，正是”的含义，表示强调。

）What in the world (on earth) did you mean by saying that? （in the world和on earth 两个短语都表示“究竟，到底”的含义，表示强调。

）What ever is she going to do next? （ever用在特殊疑问词后表示强调。

）I don’t like the picture at all.（at all 和not 连用，表示强调：“一点也不”。

）He shouldn’t be blamed for that because he is nothing but a child.（nothing but 理解为“仅仅，只不过”的意思，表示强调。

）The family did manage to send him to a technical school.（在谓语动词之前加do, does, did 也可以达到强调动词的目的。

）I can’t thank you enough. 我对你真是感激不尽。

（not否定enough，意味着“感激不够”，起强调作用。

）Isn’t the girl lovely? 这个女孩难道不可爱吗？（否定疑问句的语气比The girl is lovely.更肯定。

）但在更多的时候，我们则使用强调句型来实现强调之目的。

It引导的强调句，是英语中最常见、最常用的语言现象，也是英语学习中的重点和难点。

在我们课本里面，强调句型可以说比比皆是。

例如：I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so lo ng that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (必修一第1单元)在这句话中，it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for s o long t hat I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.就是一个强调句式，被强调的部分是原因状语从句because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long。

我们所说的强调句（emphatic sentence），有些国外语法书称之为分裂句（cleft sentence）。

前者是根据句子的功能命名；后者是从句子结构而言的，之所以叫做“分裂句”，是因为一个句子被分裂开来，成为两个各有主谓的部分。

我们更倾向于按照句子的作用称之为“强调句”。

强调句的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。

被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。

这种结构可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。

强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。

如果把该句型结构还原，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。

这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的一种方法。

（二）强调句所强调的成分这种结构可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，宾补，状语，包括名词性从句和状语从句。

例如：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调主语：It was Tom that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yest erday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.强调句的具体使用情况，现在分述如下：强调主语主语指人时，可以用that或who；主语指物时，只能用that。

例如：It was John that (who) wore a white suit at the dance last night.It was a police officer that (who) signaled him to stop.It was a bunch of red roses that she left us.It is what he said that I failed to recall.主语是人称代词时，一般用主格，在非正式文体中也可以用宾格。

例如：It is me who am to blame.强调宾语如果宾语指人，可以用whom 或who替代that，例如：It was John and his brother that (who, whom) we met in the park la st week.It is me that (who, whom) he gave the book.但是It is me he gave the book to.和 It is to me he gave the book.更常用，所以间接宾语常常被介词宾语所代替。

强调介词宾语It was the children that he gave the apples to.It was to me that Mother gave a new pen. (正式文体)It was me that Mother gave a new pen to. (非正式文体)It was to me that she showed the picture.It was Miss Wang that he sent the postcards to.It is for you that I bought this dictionary.强调时间状语It is at ten that the train leaves.It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.It was not until 1972 that we began studying English.I was after I entered the university that I came to know how to beh ave myself properly.强调地点状语It was here that (where) we met Mary.It was in your room that I left my gloves.【注意】如果被强调的是地点副词，除了用that外，还可以用where。

如果被强调的是时间副词或短语(不带介词) ，除了用that外，还可以用when。

如果被强调的地点或时间是介词短语，则不能用when 或where，只用that。

例如：It was yesterday that (when) he bought an English book in town.It was last week that (when) we worked in the countryside.It is here that (where) he must wait for her.It was in this room that we had a heated discussion.It is at ten o’clock that the meeting will take place.强调原因状语由because引导的原因状语从句或because of短语可以作为被强调的成分。

例如：It is because the book is so useful for my work that I have bought i t.It was because he was in great difficulty that I tried my best to help him.I was because of the job that he had taken the flat.但是，若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，be cause引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。

例如：As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为强调句：It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.强调方式状语It was just as he ordered that I acted.It was by herself that she completed all the work.It was with a stick that I managed to beat the dog off.强调目的状语It was for fun that he played the part of a clown.It is in order to serve the people better in the future that we should study hard now.强调表语在系动词be后的表语不能作为被强调的成分。

例如：不可以说：It is a teacher that he is.但可以说：It is a teacher that he has become.强调宾语补足语It was chairman that they elected him.It was white that they painted the door.（三）强调句的疑问句式、感叹句式和否定句式强调句除了有陈述句式外，还有一般疑问句式、特殊疑问句式、感叹句式和否定句式几种类型。

强调句的一般疑问句式直接把is或was提到it之前，强调句的一般疑问句是Is (Was) it+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分。