❖ 做时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，做 方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。
❖ 如果分词表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几 乎同时发生，用现在分词一般时，如果分词动作 明显在位于动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成时。
一·做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句
❖The dog came in.It follow its master. =The dog came in,following its master.
❖Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.
❖--I could go and get someone to bring the car. --No,thanks.I`ll be better if walking.
五·结果状语 现在分词表示必然的结果，前可加 thus。（不定式表示出乎意料的结果）
❖Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.
三·时间状语 相当于when,while,as等引导的时 间状语从句，常位于句首或句末 ❖Having arrived at the factory,they
immediately set to work.
六·让步状语 相当于although,though,even if,even though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句 首 ❖Being a lot of books for exam,he failded in
it because of learning method.
❖Knowing all this ,they made me pay for the damage.
The children ran out of the room,laughing and taking merrily.
They stood there for an hour,watching the game.
二·原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的 原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。
❖Having been translate into several languages,the book became famous all over the worrld.
❖Having finished his homework,he went to bed.
九·现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking(一般来说);frankly speaking(坦白 的说);exactly speaking(严密/确切的 说);judging from/by…(根据～判 断);considering…(考虑到)
❖Seeing nobady at home,she decided to leave them a note.
❖No knowing her address,we couldn't et intouch with her.
❖Being so poor in those days,we could't afford to send the boy to the hospital.
❖Be careful when crossing the street.
❖On arriving in London,he managed to get in touch with her.
四·条件状语 相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常 位于句首
❖Working hard , you will succeed.
❖His husband died in 1942,leaving her with five children.
❖The bus was held up by snowing,thus causing the delay.
❖He was caught in the rain , thus making himself catch cold.
❖Generally speaking,girls are more interested in leterature than boys.
❖Judging from her accent,she must come from Arabian countries.
十·现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
现在分词作状语
现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，现在分词有时态和 语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式（以do为例）
主动形式 一般时 (not) doing
被动形式 (not) be doing
完成时 (not) having done (not) having been done
❖ 现在分词做状语，通常都表示主语在进行的另一 个动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致， 且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词 ing形式的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间， 条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相当于相应的 状语从句。
七·方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或 and并列的两个谓语动词
❖Being walking slowly,I approached the little window. =Walking slowing ,I approached the little window.
❖He stood learning against the wall. =He stood and learn against the wall.
八·现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主 句的谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之 间是主谓关系，则用having done，若是动宾 （被动）关系，则用having been done.
❖Having worked in the country for three years,he knew how to get vegetables.