基准面旋回识别与对比
沙三上 沙三中上
湖底扇
三角洲平原
三角洲前缘 前三角洲
滑塌浊积岩 坡移浊积扇
基准面下降半旋回
基准面上升半旋回
c
STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
CYCLE PHASE
1
2
REGRESSIVE
3
4
5
6
7
REGRESSIVE
8
TRANSGRESSIVE
MEGACYCLE
A
MEGACYCLE
B
DELTAIC SEDIMENTATION IN A PARALIC
BASIN - CONCEPTUAL
DIP SECTION
1、进积单元边界识别
3、进积/加积单元边界面对比
2、进积方向识别
4、进积单元内绘制相的几何形态
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
SS
SS
SS
Stacking Pattern Recognition
Seaward Stepping 6 5 4 3 2 5 4 A 3 2 1 Ai Bi > Ai = SS Bt > At = SS Bi < Ai = LS Bt < At = LS Initiation (i) At Termination (t) Vertical Stacking Landward Stepping
B
Method for recognizing two-and three dimensional stacking pattern by comparing the initial and terminal facies of successive progradational units
4
Map Facies Geometries w ithin Progradational Units
Tentasive scheme for dynamic correlation of stratigraphic units across evironments through time,using patterns of thinning/thickening and symmetry reversals recorded by progradational events.
二 基准面旋回对比
Concept of correlation of base-level cycles
• Strata are naturally divisible into stratigraphic cycles that Record cycles of base-level • The turnaround points in base-level cycles, from rise to fall and from fall to rise, are the preferred positions for highresolution stratigraphic correlation • Turnaround points are represented by surfaces of stratigraphic discontinuity,such as unconfomities and hiatal surfaces, or by continuous rock succession • Stratigraphic sequences are not necessarily bound by unconformities • High–resolution correlation requires knowing when to correlate rocks to rocks,rocks to surface,and sirface to surface
High Gradiant
Alluvial fan or fa n delta Shoreface or delta
Low Gradiant
Fluvial
Non matine dominatal basin
旋回识别与对比中的问题
1、识别地层沉积学响应与A/S比值变化的关系 2、A/S变化趋势分析—水深变化,不是岩性粗细变化旋回 3、钻井/高频(短期),测井/叠加样式/高中频(短期、中期), 地震反射终端性质/低频(长期) 4、高频旋回的合并问题、方法与技术 5、特殊岩性的层序地层位置分析,如煤层 6、地层分辨率与旋回级次的识别、不同级次旋回对比的问题 7、钻/测井信息精细分析对地震反射的预测
NW 2.5 Shingled progradation in KT1 SE
Discontinuous reflections in Tp
Top Tm Top Tp Top KT2 Top CS or K6 Top of Paleozoic
3.0
Onlap of KT0 0 3.5 km 1
Oblique progradation in K1-K4
75
TIME(kyr)
50 25
Condensed Section
0 Coastal Plain Offshore Marine
Shoreface
Tc8
Correlation Framework of the Nonmarine Llanos Basin, Colombia
Tm3
Tm2
Tm1
K T4
SE El Can
8900 9700
Datum
11300 9800
9000
K4
9100 9900
11400
K3
9200 11500 10000
K2 K1
11600 9300 10100
0
0.05 0.1
km
4 0 ft
0.5 1 5
100
11700
Comparison of Seismic Response w ith Predictions
K3
B a s e -l e v e l fa l l s tra ta
K2
B a s e -l e v e l ri s e s tra ta
Pz Marker
K1
Stratigraphic Cross Section Parallel to Depositional Dip
NW Centauro-1 Entrerios-1 Casimena-1
碎屑岩:GR、SP、R 煤、泥炭:GR、SP、R、密度、中子 碳酸盐、蒸发岩:GR、SP、R、 声波、氢-中子
盆地方向
4 3 2 1
中期基准面上升
4 3 2 1
A > S¡ 1
退积
4 3 2 1
sp
Rt
4 4 3 2 1 3 2 1
A = S 1
加积
4 3
sp
Rt
2 1
中期基准面旋回
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
A S
<1
进积
4 3
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้sp
Rt
2 1
深 海岸平原砂岩和泥岩 浅海砂岩 可容纳空间 沉积物供给 海槽泥岩 加
基准面上升 转换点
1 ¶短期地层旋回
变 浅 基准面下降
短期旋回的叠加样式与测井响应
ZERO PHASE WAVELETA
Thickness(meters)
_ 20 +
0 Hiatus (Sediment Bypass) 100
(1)以岩心、测井曲线分析为基础,识别短期基准面旋回 或成因地层单元。观察相序和相组合反映的彼此相邻 的沉积环境在地理位置的迁移方向。 (2)以测井资料分析为基础,识别短期旋回的叠加样式, 组合较长期基准面旋回。短期旋回叠加样式反映了 长期地层旋回形成过程中A/S比值的变化。叠加样式 三种,即退积,加积、进积、它们是较长期基准面旋回 上升和下降过程中向可容纳空间最大值或最小值单向移动 的结果,是识别较高级次基准面旋回的基础。 (3)以地震资料为基础,运用地层的几何形态及地震反射终端 性质识别较高级次层序界面,从而识别长期基准面旋回。 如上超现象反映可容纳空间的增加或A/S比值增大,代表基 准面上升期;顶超现象反映可容纳空间减少或A/S比值的减小, 代表基准面下降期;整一现象则反映地层处于加积状态,可 容纳空间或A/S比值变化并不明显,基准面处于下降到上升的 转换位置。
K T3
K T2
Key
K T1
K6
u n c o n fo rm i ty b a s e -l e v e l ri s e s u rfa c e
K5
1500 2000 feet
K4
c o n d e n s e d s e c ti o n b a s e -l e v e l ri s e s u rfa c e
a
LEGEND
ALLUVIAL AND FLUVIO-DELTAIC SAND AND SILTS DELTAIC SANDS SILTS AND CLAYS PRODETAIC AND MARINE CLAYS TRANSGRESSIVE MARINE CLAYS SCALE: NONE
“ FORMATION ”
旋回级次
短期旋回的概念
最短期的地层旋回是符合沉积相序或相组合基
本定律(Walther定律)的进积/加积的地层单元,
即成因地层单元,也可以称作成因层序(Cross 1994)。
LANDWORD
SURFACE
SEAWORD
“ FORMATION ” a ( Lithologic Unit )
“ FORMATION ”
第三章 基准面旋回识别与对比
(recognition and correlation of base level cycles)