• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
• He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（六）宾语补足语
• 宾语补足语（Object Complement）， 用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾 语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复 合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell， let，help，teach， ask，see，have， order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名 词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介 词短语和从句充当。例如：
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思 ．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． . Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.（名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you.（动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
谓语
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构
成。如： Do you speak English？ They are working in a field.
He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如：
1.His father named him Tom. 2.They painted the wall white. 3.Let the dog out.
（名词） （形容词）
（副词）
4. We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day. （不定式短语）
5.We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）
6.We found everything in the room in good
order.
（介词短语）
7.We will soon make our city what your city is
now.
（从句）
宾语补足语
语
语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） • She went out in a hurry.（代词） • Four plus four is eight. （数词） • To see is to believe. （不定式） • Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） • The young should respect the old（. 名词化的形容词） • What he has said is true.（句子）
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征 • 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
• Make yourself at home.
• I saw him enter the hall.
• The boss keeps them working all day.
• I heard my name called.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. That remains a puzzle. 6. I don’t feel at ease.
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位