动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容 词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
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外,动词不定式具有动词特点, 可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定 式的肯定形式是 以详细说明。
1. 作主语
to + d o ;其否定形式是 not to + do 。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予 可以直接作主语。
如: to believe . 但在英语中,常用 it 作形式主语,真 To see is 正 的 主 语 即 动 词 不 定 式 放 在 后 面 。
如 : It's wrong to clean play and tricks tidy . on other people . 规律:动词 is + n .(名 It's our duty to keep our environment 不定式在句中作主语时,常放在 is + adj .(形容词)+ to do sth .或 It It 词)+ to do 2. 作宾语 start early . sth . it 仅作形式主语。
want ,decide ,agree 等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如: We agreed to a doctor . 而 love , like , begin , start , hate , She wants to be prefer 等词后面可以接不定式,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示: doing 指 don't like like I 经常性动作, 而 like to do 指一次性的动作。
如: like swimming , but I now .我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
stop , forget , remember , go on , try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
但后面接 to swim 特别注意 : 不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
如 : 1)stop sth .停止一件事,去做另一件事。
to do the doing sth .停止正在做的事。
例: When came in , the Stop teacher stopped students stopped talking ; when out ,the to talk . 当老师走进 he came students 来时,学生们停止说话; 当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。
go on , try 等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?
2)思考:forget ,remember , 在 find / feel + it + adj .+ to do sth .句型中, it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不 定式。
如: The man to sleep . downstairs text .
found it difficult to get I feel it easy to recite the 3. 作宾语补足语
tell ,ask , want , order ,teach ,invite ,warn ,wish , help , get ,wish ,help 等词后面常接不 定式作宾补。
如: I tell bus . him not to go there by Edison's mother taught and write .
him to read let ,make ,have ,see ,hear ,feel ,watch , notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。
如: the They The next are sing a day . boss makes them work 16 hours I heard her sing in room . 提示:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号 to 要加上。
如: boss . made to work 16 hours a day by the She was heard to next room .
in 4. the 作定语:放在被修饰的名词、 代词后面 例:I help to do . . have a lot of work The the boy . 规律:动词不定式若在句中作 doctor said he could do nothing to 定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动 宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。
如: I have a small bedroom to live in . with ?
Have you got some . save pens 例:His to write 5. 表语:放在连系动词 be 后面 a scientist . wish is to become The lives . 当务之急是抢救战士们的生 first 命。
important thing is to the soldiers' 规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6. 作状语
目的状语:放在 go , come , use , live , in order 等词后面。
如: I come to see you . 原因状语: in time . He 放在 runs fast in order to get there sorry ,glad ,surprised , disappointed ,excited 等词后面。
如: I am glad you here . trouble you .
to see I am of the sorry to 作结果状语。
如: to reach . Some hold apples are hard The room is 1000 people .
large enough to 7. 与 what , who , whose , when , where , how 等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主 语等。
如: I next .(宾语)
don't know what to do He how taught to us how to use the computer .(宾语补足语) 语) 热身
练习:
根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
there .(主 It's still a question get for us ( have ) supper .
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. It's time like ( go ) shopping me ?
the Would It took you us old with an hour ( work ) out problem .
half enough ( join ) the army .
sister .
here .
He I I is feel am strange ( have ) a twin very glad ( meet ) you They prefer ( stay ) at go out .
home rather than them (come ) into just now .
We What saw he the room said made me ( feel )sorry .
am sorry . I forgot ( tell )you news .
the mountains . I His the in plan is ( spend )a few days got anything ( say )?
Have Have Do He you you you which one ( choose )?
decided know when ( start )?
too weak ( carry ) the stone .
is big 1. to have ; Key: meet say 2. to go 8. come 3. to work 9. 4. to join
5. 11. to have to spend
6. 12. to to
7. 13. to to stay feel 10. to carry
tell choose 14. to start 15. to。