、介词的分类与语法功能（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。

介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for 等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。

双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。

分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。

如：①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.②He quarrelled with her yesterday. ③He succeeded in passing the final exam. ④I’m still thinking of how I c an fulfil the task ahead of time. ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。

如：①This machine is in good condition.(表语) ②Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）④介词+ the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词+ sb.’s + 部位，可换用）strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用) 注：keep后的from 不能省，其它两个能省⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。

look for（寻找）hear of(听说) call on(拜访) look to (眺望) agree with sb（同意）call for(需要) 同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。

reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the musi c和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to 苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask … for … 寻找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for误以为，call for倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to 求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去请（拿）……，sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好……。

（2）常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。

worry about / at sth. 替……而担心be afraid of 害怕different from与……不同amxious about sth. / sb担心…… different to … 不关心……be strict with sb,be strict in sth be tired of ... 是指“对……感到厌倦”，而be tired from... 是指“因……而疲倦”。

good for对……有益popular in some place流行在……worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离……远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病…… （3）“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

the absence of water缺水the hope of success成功的希望have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会take pride in them为他们感到骄傲the key to the question问题的答案a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票in Beijing去了北京his abesencefrom Beijing不在北京to study学习方法the way of studying maths学习教学的方法3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。

如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。

但要注意：①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。

②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。

③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。

如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。

但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。

如：during the discussion in discussing the problemduring her stay in Hubei in playing basketballduring the course of in digging the tunnel（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。

on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morningon Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, onChildren’s Dayon March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)on a rainy night, on warm winter days(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at sixat noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。

如：next day、last Sunday、that morning、these yearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some dayone day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before（4）till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。

如：He waited for me till twelve o’clock.He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。