Artificial Intelligence in the Military
Presented by Carson English, Jason Lukis, Nathan Morse and Nathan Swanson
Overview
• • • • • History Neural Networks Automated Target Discrimination Tomahawk Missile Navigation Ethical issues
Structure of a neuron in a neural net
Neural net with three neuron layers
Three Main Neural Net Types
• Perceptron • Multi-Layer-Perceptron • Backpropagation Net
Automated Target Discrimination
As researched by the Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory in Gainsville, FL
• • • • • •
SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) QGD (Quadratic Gamma discriminator) NL-QGD (multi-layer perceptron) Example Results
History
• 1918 – first tests on guided missiles • 1945 – Germany makes first ballistic missile • 1950 – AIM-7 Sparrow
– “fire-and-forget
History
• 1973 – remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs)
Perceptron
Multi-Layer-Perceptron
Backpropagation Net
Areas where neural nets are useful
· pattern association · pattern classification · regularity detection · image processing · speech analysis · optimization problems · robot steering · processing of inaccurate or incomplete inputs · quality assurance · simulation
Tomahawk Missile Navigation
Limits to Neural Networks
• the operational problem encountered when attempting to simulate the parallelism of neural networks • inability to explain any results that they obtain
Picture of SAR rendering
Two Constant False Alarm method for determining targets
Quadratic Gamma discrimination
Non Linear QGD
Example
Results
• After training, all three discriminators were run on a data set representing 7km2 of terrain. Target detection threshold was set to 100%. • CAFR resulted in 4,455 false alarms. • QGD resulted in 385 false alrams. • NL-QGD resulted in 232 false alarms.
History
• 1991 – Smart bombs used in Gulf War to selectively destroy enemy targets
– Pctiveness
Neural Networks
• • • • Inspired by studies of the brain Massively parallel Highly connected Many simple units
– Used to confuse enemy air defenses
• 1983 – tomahawk missile first used by navy
– Uses terrain contour matching system
• 1983 – Reagan make his famous star wars speech • 1988 – U.S.S. Vincennes mistakenly destroys Iranian airbus due to autonomous friend/foe radar system
Synthetic Aperture Radar
• • • • Data collection for ATD Self-illuminating imaging radar Creates a height map of a surface Maintains spatial resolution regardless of distance from target • Can be used day and night regardless of cloud cover