上海英语高考语法新题型(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2高考英语（上海）语法新题型2014年上海高考英语新题型语法填空专练及解题技巧解“语法填空”题的一般步骤：一、浏览全文把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。

在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。

这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、边读边填先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。

填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。

遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

三、验证复查清除难点有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。

复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

Part-1Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)There is a photo hanging above my desk. Whenever I look at that photograph, it takes me back to those early years 25 every new experience was important for me.I can still remember the shouts of the spectators as I 26 (go) out onto the sports field with my classmates. Two days 27 (early). I had qualified for the finals of the 100 metres. Now 28 (look) around, I was determined to win.While I was walking across to the start, I began to feel more and more nervous. I looked around and saw my proud parents waving enthusiastically. My heart was beating fast when I lined up with the other eager competitors. I look some deep breaths and waited for the signal. Then the starting signal 29 (give) and I set off down the track.I ran as fast as I could, not looking at anything but the finishing line. By the time I crossed the line, I was so exhausted that I 30 hardly breathe. As soon as I heard the result 31 (announce), I realized I had won! Overjoyed, I collapsed on the soft grass with a broad smile on my face.“Well done!”said the Headmaster later, as I was presented with the winner’s certificate. I had never felt so happy and proud in my life.(B)One of the first questions young children ask is “Why?”It is human nature to want 32 (find) out why things are the way they are. You can find out “Why”by turning the question into ahypothesis (假设) for 33 experiment.34 example, suppose you have been trying to grow tomato plants, but insects keep destroying 35 . Someone tells you that 36 (put) large strips of colored cloth around the plants will keep insects away. Your question might be “Do certain colours of cloth keep insects away?”Then you’d begin your experiment. The first step would be to place different-colored strips of cloth around all of the plants except one. Then, as regular intervals, you would observe and record and note 37 the plant had any insect damage or not.This experiment may prove that the answer to your question is “No, it is not different-coloredstrips of cloth 38 keep away insects.”Or you may find that answer is “Yes, certain insects are kept away by blue cloth, but not yellow cloth.” ...... 39 you have found, you are well on your way to understanding how you can use scientific thinking to solve a problem in you own life. Keys: (A) 25. when 26. went 27. earlier 28. looking 29. was given 30. could 31. announced (B) 32. to find 33. an 34. For 35. them 36. putting 37. whether 38. that 39. WhateverPart-2Directions: Read the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, 26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,”I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“31 ’s your turn,”he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens(B)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33(spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time 36 (productive), dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the fewseconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40 (preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.Key:25. walking 26. and 27. to28. looking 29. earlier 30. to share 31. It32. another33. spend 34. recorded35. well-equipped36. productively 37. wrote38. had set 39. which / that 40. preserving Part-3Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)The US government has set several rules and guidelines in place ____25_____(protect) us from eating potentially harmful foods. Several dishes _____26_____(consider) real delicacies in other parts of the world, ____27______haggis in Scotland or fugu (puffer fish) in Japan, are banned from the U.S. food market because of potential health risks. But looking at the issue from a reversed angle, there are actually several common foods eaten in America that are banned in other parts of the world.The shocking truth is that many of our favorite foods, like boxed mac and cheese and yogurt, include ingredients____28______ other countries have established as potentially harmful for health, and therefore are banned. Clearly, mac and cheese on its own isn't poisonous in any way, but the yellow food colorings #5 and #6 have been shown to cause hypersensitivity (过敏) in children, and are therefore banned in countries including Norway, Finland, and Australia. ___29_____yogurt and other milk products, it is the rBGH and rBST that some countries are concerned with --- these growth hormones ____30_______(ban) in several regions including the European Union, Canada, and Japan ___31______their potentially dangerous impacts on the health of both humans and cows.Key:25.To protect26.considered27.like 28.that 29.For 30.are banned 31.because of(B)How many times have you let your basic contact lens hygiene slide, not doing things like washing your hands before ___32_____(handle) your lenses, using tap water _____33______saline solution(盐水溶液) or sleeping in your lenses?During a busy week __34_____work, a woman named Erin was out of contact lens solution but didn't have time to buy any, so she used tap water ____35_____(store)her contact lenses.That would soon prove to be a mistake: She contracted a rare amoeba(阿米巴，变形虫) infection____36_______ began to attack her cornea(眼角膜)."The pain was extreme," she told Dr. Travis Stork on The Doctors. She went to the ER, where doctors thought she had a simple eye infection and prescribed her a steroid(类固醇)._____37_______, after the pain still did not go away, she visited an optometrist who ____38_______( realize)that she had an amoeba infection."The steroid was, in fact, hiding the infection," she said. "It was keeping my sight but it was actually feeding the amoeba, via the steroid, making ___39___stronger."Stork noted that steroids can actually be harmful in cases like this, because they make it harder for the body to fight off the infection.Key:32.handling33.instead of 34.at 35.to store 36.that 37.However 38.realized 39.itPart-4Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, 26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe fir st two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silenc e and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,”I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“31 is your turn,” he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listensKey:25. walking 26. and 27. to28. looking29. earlier30. to share31. It 32. another(B)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33 (spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a36 (detail) description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40 (preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remai n inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.Key:33. spend 34. recorded35. well-equipped36. detailed 37. wrote38. had set 39. which / that40.preservingPart-5Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Low-Cost Gifts for Mother’s DayGift No. IOffer to be your mother’s health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor’s visits 25 a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say “no need,” another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor’s visit. The best part? This one is free.Gift No. 2Help your mother organize all of her medical records, 26 include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “27 (have) all this information in one place could end up saving your mother’s life,” Dr. Marie Savard said.Gift No. 3Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,” Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very 28 to our health.”Gift No. 4Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow yo u to pay it forward this Mother’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity. Gift givers can choose from 29wide variety of useful but inexpensive things—many of which are “green”—and then 30 a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she 31 (tell) that she has helped the chosen charity. Key:25. whether 26. which 27. Having 28. important 29. a30. choose 31. will be told(B)In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, 32 I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits 33 the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. 34 (get) to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road 35 (wind) around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the 36 (great) feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disapp eared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom, I 37 (greet) with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “d inner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant38 grows wild, especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she 39 (invite) me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a 40 (treasure) symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.Key:32. when 33. to 34. To get 35. winding 36. greatest37. was greeted 38. that 39. invited 40. treasuredPart-6Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat 25 (pull) out to sea.Two 2-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they’d ro wed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella 26 (tie) to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for 27and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.“Everything went quiet in my head,” Tim recalls. “I was trying 28 (figure) out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “At one point, I considered turning back,” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes 29 struggling, he was close to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella!”Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, 30 the waves were almost too strong for him.“Let’s aim for the pier(码头),” Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim?” he cried. “A little bit,” the boys said.Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack 31 (wear) life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again. “Yes,” Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.Key:25. were being pulled 26. tied 27. it28. to figure 29. of30. but 31. were wearing(B)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident 32 I discovered the deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive 33 our home in Seattle to my parents’ home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything.Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, 34 (stop) only when 1 had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our 35 (plan) trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.That is 36 I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They’d get back in the carbreathless and 37 (energize), smelling fresh from the cold air.We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car window, at baby pigs following their mother, or fish 38 (leap) out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons.We e ventually arrived at my parents’ doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out 39 told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour 40 uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.Key:32. that 33. from 34. stopping 35. planned 36. how37. energized 38. leaping 39. and 40. mayPart-7Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I 25 (finish) a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding 26 essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity.I couldn’t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed 27 my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile 28 (spread) across her face.On August 5,2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I 29 (honour) to have a front-row seat in NASA.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I 30 sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about 31 . That’s what I love so much about space.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares. My answer is simple because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out 32 is over the hill and beyond the horizon.Key:25. had finished 26. an 27. until 28. spread 29. was honoured30. would 31. them 32. what(B)Guide to Stockholm University LibraryOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different 33 . The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone 34 you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.ComputersYou can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, and you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area 35 (know) as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study placesIf you want to discuss freely 36 disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and 37 can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that 38 be booked via the website. To book, you need an active Universityaccount and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study MaterialThe library has lockers for students 39 (store) course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may ren t a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and 40 (exit) the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.Key:33. zones 34. where 35. known 36. without 37. others38. must 39. to store 40. exitPart-8Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)When 25 (ask) about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike26 unreserved (毫不掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I 27 still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated.My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The 28 we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get fro m the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, 29 I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us 30 to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmot her, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.We, 31 , with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more t hing we’ve got to have.We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.Happiness is n’t about what happens to us—i t’s about how we see what happens to us.It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we32 possess.Key:25. asked 26. is 27. can 28. more 29. which30. that 31. however 32. do(B)Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed 33 (relate) to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity (口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.。