English is spoken by many people.
The passive voice
被动语态
主动语态变被动语态的结构图:
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
主语 谓语动词过去时 宾语 时间状语
The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.
Trains are made in Zhuzhou.
主动语态 被动语 cotton every year.
Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. 被动语态
The passive voice
被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 （在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示 出来.）
A gift was given to him by me yesterday. (物作主语）
如： My parent have bought me a bike.(被动）
人作主语： I have been bought a bike by my parents. A bike has been bought for me by my parents. 物作主语：
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions (by us).
3. They are building the house. The building is being built (by them).
4. We will fill the cup with some water.
再如：We often see him play in the park. (被动） He is often seen to play in the park (by us).
即：make sb. do sth.
see sb. do sth.
变被动
变被动
sb. be made to do sth. sb. be seen to do sth.
4. The TV was invented by an Englishman. (划 线部分提问) ______ Who ______ was the TV invented _______? by 5. The telephone was invented in 1876 . (划线部分 提问) When invented _______ was _____ the telephone _________? 6. The washing machine is used for washing clothes . (划线部分提问) What is the washing machine used for ________________________________________?
三、不定式 to do的被动结构是to be done 现在分词/动名词doing的被动结构是 being done
to be interviewed by the reporter. (interview) 如： You are lucky __________________ being invited (invite) Tom went to the party without ____________.
blackboard already.
is spoken (speak) in France. 4) French___________
be allowed 5) Teenagers should ____________(allow) to choose their own clothes.
用所给动词的正确形式填空： was fixed 1) The bike __________(fix) up by Xiao
Ming yesterday.
2) Sunglasses __________ are used (use) for
protecting people’s eyes.
3) A picture _______________(put) up on the has been put
Unit 4 when was it invented?
语法： 被动语态
.主动语态与被动语态：
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou .
主语 谓语动词的过去分词 宾语 时间状语
Exercises（将下列句子变为被动语态）
1. We have run out of all the food. All the food has been run out of (by us). 2. We should allow teenagers to make their own decisions.
主动语态变被动语态的步骤：
1、到主动句中的第一个实义动词后面找到动作的承受 者，变为被动语态的主语（变为主格）；
2、将谓语动词变为被动结构，套公式；
3、由by加上主动句的主语（变成宾格），当不强调动 作的执行者时，常省略。 4.其它成分不变。
e.g Many people
speak
English.
如：The book was written by him.(主动语态）
He wrote the book.
The old should be taken good care of. .(主动语态）
We should take good care of the old.
Exercises
1. 纸是中国发明的。 Paper _____ was ________ invented (invent) in China. 2. 这栋大楼是去年建造的。 was ______ built (build) last year. The building ______ 3. 世界上许多国家都讲英文。 English _____ is ________ spoken (speak) in many countries all over the world .
二、使役动词（make, let, have）;以及感官动词（see, hear, find, notice, watch等），后面接sb. do sth 时，变被动语态时，do要 变成 to do. 如：The boss made them work for a long time. (被动） They were made to work for a long time by the boss.
被动语态的构成: (助动词)be+ done(及物动词的过去分词)
be随着时态的变化而变化
The passive voice.
主动语态改被动语态:
Bell invented
被动语态
the telephone in 1876.
was
by
各种时态被动语态的公式
时态
一般现在时 一般过去式 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 情态动词
The cup will be filled with some water (by us). 5. Who invented the telephone? Who was the telephone invented by? By whom was the telephone invented ?
注意问题
一、英语中的可以带双宾的动词，变被动语态有两 种变法: 若人（间宾）作主语，后面直接抄上物； 若物（直宾）作主语，后面的人之前必须加介词to 或者for. 如：I gave him a gift yesterday. He was given a gift by me yesterday. (人作主语） I gave him a gift yesterday.
四、如何判断句子为被动语态： 1.句子中有by sb. 2.句子的主语为物时，大部分的句子为被动语态 3. 动词或介词后面应该带的宾语，没有出现。
are told not to speak in class. (tell) 如：We ________ being laughed at. (laugh) Nobody likes _____________ \ to be laughed being encouraged by the teacher. I remember __________________ (encourage) 五、被动语态变主动语态步骤： 1.找到by sb. ，将sb.变为主格放在主语的位置，by去掉。 （若句中没有by sb. ，根据句子的意思自己加主语we/they.） 2. 将be done谓语动词还原成主动语态结构 3. 将被动语态的主语变为宾格放到谓语动词之后。 4. 其他成分不变。
主动语态
主+do/does 主+ did 主+ am/is/are + doing 主+ was/were + doing 主+ will do 主+ would do 主+ have\has done 主+ had done 主+ V情态 + do
被动语态
am/is/are + done was/were + done am/is/are + being + done was/were + being+ done will be done would be done have\has been done had been done V情态 + be done