Euro 4
Emission Limits 排放限值
OBD Stage 1 OBD第1阶段
NOx PM
5,0
0,10
3,5
0,02
System Failure 系统不完善
+
NOx Control Torque reduction
OBD Stage 2
Durability耐久性 In Use Compliance 在用车
26 June 2007
2
Euro 3 Registration Europe 欧洲欧3注册
Till 2006 Euro 3
Emission Limits 排放限值
NOx PM
5,0
0,10
26 June 2007
3
Euro 4 Registration step 1 Europe 欧洲欧4第1阶段注册
Till 2006 Euro 3 2006 – 2007 Euro 4 3,5 0,02
Emission Limits 排放限值
OBD Stage 1 OBD第1阶段
NOx PM
5,0
0,10
System Failure 系统不完善
Durability耐久性
In Use Compliance 在用车
NOX
PM Fuel Consumption 燃油消耗
Engine adjustments
NOx reduction
PM reduction
26 June 2007
increase PM and fuel consumption
reduce fuel consumption but NOx increase
26 June 2007 7
Legislation summary 法规概要
[g/kWh]
16,0
12,0
8,0 NOx CO HC 0,0 88/77 EC 1989 Euro 1 1994 Euro 2 1997 Euro 3 2001 Euro 4 2006 Euro 5 2009 PM
4,0
13
The technology choice 技术选择
Two possible solutions两种可能的解决方案:
EGR
SCR
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Selective Catalytic Reduction
废气再循环
26 June 2007
选择性催化转化器
14
26 June 2007
11
…. from “Euro 3” to Euro 4 …..从欧3到欧4
0.10 PM (g/kWh)
Starting Point Euro 3 欧 NOx (g/kWh)
26 June 2007
12
Engine development 发动机技术发展
26 June 2007
Homologation class / weight 认证 类别/质量 Control Measurements 测量控制
4
Euro 4 Registration step 2 Europe欧洲欧4第2阶段注册
Till 2006 Euro 3
2006 – 2007 Euro 4 3,5 0,02
2007 – 2009
Emission Limits 排放限值
OBD Stage 1 OBD第1阶段
NOx PM
5,0 0,10
System Failure 系统不完善
+
NOx Control Torque reduction扭矩降低控制
Durability耐久性
In Use Compliance 在用车
Heavy Duty Engine emissions Euro 4/5 重型车用发动机排放 欧4/欧5
Claudio Operti Manager R&D FPT China
Wulumqi, 26 June 2007
FPT
“FPT” is FIAT POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FIAT动力总成技术
26 June 2007
Homologation class / weight认证
Control Measurements测量控制
5
Euro 5 Legislation Europe 欧洲欧5法规
2006 – 2007 2007 – 2009
Till 2006 Euro 3
2009 Euro 5 2,0 0,02
26 June 2007
9
In-use compliance – 1 在用车符合性-1
The verification of conformity to emission standards of vehicles in real use is very critical on HD applications.检查重型在用车辆排 放符合性是非常复杂的. As NOx and particulate emissions are very low at low engine load, any “conformity” test must be performed with the engine under high load. This requires either因为在发动机低负荷时NOx 和颗粒排放非常低,任何符合性测试必须在发动机高负荷时进行. Emission measurements on vehicle in operation on road 车辆排放在道路上运转 Use of a roller test bed (for a truck, a very heavy / expensive device)使用转鼓试验台(对于卡车,非常重/装置昂贵) Dismounting the engine (and the after treatment system) from the vehicle and installation on an engine test bed从车 辆上拆下发动机(和后处理系统)并安装到发动机排放试验台上.
Compulsory Euro 4
Comp. Euro 5
Emissions E4 Emissions E5 Step 2 OBD Stage 1 + NOx control Durability In use compliance OBD Stage 2 Durability New in use compliance Emissions E5
26 June 2007
8
Durabilty requirements 耐久性要求
Present European Euro 4 legislations specifies that当前欧4法规说明 A minimum durability of the engine in terms of emissions legislation conformity must be guaranteed by the manufacturer (limit depending on vehicle class / size)排放法规中的发动机最低耐 久性符合性由制造厂保证(限值取决于车辆类型/尺寸) The same criteria applies to the after treatment system标准同样适 用于后处理系统 No specific demonstration of this durability is required. 没有明确 的耐久性”试验实例”要求 It is expected that future European legislation will include a durability “demonstration” equivalent to the USA EPA approach未 来的欧洲法规将包含耐久性”试验实例”,等同于美国环保署方法
It is a company including in a single organization all the engine & driveline activities of the Fiat group worldwide是FIAT集团全世界包括所有发动机和动力传 动系统的独立的机构 Fiat automotive FIAT汽车 IVECO Others…其它
EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧4
EGR
0.10 PM (g/kWh)
Starting Point Euro 3 起点欧3
0.02
EURO 4
3,5 5 NOx (g/kWh)
26 June 2007
15
EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧4
26 June 2007
10
In-use compliance – 2 在用车符合性-2
European (and US) legislations have selected the “OBD” approach.欧洲(和美国)法规选择”OBD”方法 The control system of the engine / after treatment must detect any system malfunction causing an increase of emissions and give indication to the driver (including engine power reduction)发动机/后处理控制系统必须发现任何导致排放 增加的系统故障并给驾驶员故障指示(包括发动机功率降低) The effectiveness of the OBD must be demonstrated at engine homologation 必须在发动机认证时认证OBD效果 The “road” inspection authority can “read” the OBD “history” of the vehicle to detect malfunctions or mis-use道 路检查权威部门可读取车辆上OBD”历史”记录,以发现故障或错误 使用