海淀区高三年级第二学期期末练习数 学(理科)2018.5第一部分(选择题 共40分)一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.(1)已知全集{1,2,3,4,5,6},U = 集合{1,2,4},{1,3,5}A B ==,则()U A B I ð=(A ){1}(B ){3,5}(C ){1,6}(D ){1,3,5,6}(2)已知复数z 在复平面上对应的点为(1,1)-,则(A )+1z 是实数 (B )+1z 是纯虚数 (C )+i z 是实数 (D )+i z 是纯虚数(3)已知0x y >>,则(A )11x y>(B )11()()22x y>(C )cos cos x y >(D )ln(1)ln(1)x y +>+(4)若直线0x y a ++=是圆2220xy y +-=的一条对称轴,则a 的值为(A )1(B )1-(C )2(D )2-(5)设曲线C 是双曲线,则“C 的方程为2214y x -=”是“C 的渐近线方程为2y x =±”的(A )充分而不必要条件 (B )必要而不充分条件 (C )充分必要条件(D )既不充分也不必要条件(6)关于函数()sin cos f x x x x =-,下列说法错误的是(A )()f x 是奇函数(B )0不是()f x 的极值点(C )()f x 在(,)22ππ-上有且仅有3个零点 (D )()f x 的值域是R(7) 已知某算法的程序框图如图所示,则该算法的功能是(A )求首项为1,公比为2的等比数列的前2017项的和 (B )求首项为1,公比为2的等比数列的前2018项的和 (C )求首项为1,公比为4的等比数列的前1009项的和 (D )求首项为1,公比为4的等比数列的前1010项的和(8)已知集合*{|115}Mx x =∈≤≤N ,集合123,,A A A 满足① 每个集合都恰有5个元素 ②123A A A M =.集合i A 中元素的最大值与最小值之和称为集合i A 的特征数,记为i X (1,2,3i =),则123X X X ++的值不可能为(). (A )37(B )39(C )48(D )57第二部分 (非选择题 共110分)二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。
(9)极坐标系中,点(2,)2π到直线cos 1ρθ=的距离为________. (10)在52()x x+的二项展开式中,3x 的系数为 . (11)已知平面向量a ,b 的夹角为3π,且满足||2=a ,||1=b ,则⋅=a b ,2+=|a b | .(12)在ABC ∆中,::4:5:6a b c =,则tan A = .(13)能够使得命题“曲线221(0)4x y a a-=≠上存在四个点P ,Q ,R ,S 满足四边形PQRS 是正方形”为真命题的一个实数a 的值为 . (14)如图,棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,M 是棱1AA 的中点,点P 在侧面11ABB A 内,若1D P 垂直于CM ,则PBC ∆的面积的最小值为_________.A 1M三、解答题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明,演算步骤或证明过程. (15)(本小题13分)如图,已知函数()sin()f x A x ωϕ=+(0,0,)2A πωϕ>><在一个周期内的图象经过(,0)6B π,2(,0)3C π,5(,2)12D π三点. (Ⅰ)写出A ,ω,ϕ的值;(Ⅱ)若52(,)123ππα∈,且()1f α=,求cos2α的值.16. (本小题共13分)某中学为了解高二年级中华传统文化经典阅读的整体情况,从高二年级随机抽取10名学生进行了两轮测试,并把两轮测试成绩的平均分作为该名学生(Ⅰ)从该校高二年级随机选取一名学生,试估计这名学生考核成绩大于等于90分的概率; (Ⅱ)从考核成绩大于等于90分的学生中再随机抽取两名同学,求这两名同学两轮测试成绩均大于等于90分的概率;(Ⅲ)记抽取的10名学生第一轮测试成绩的平均数和方差分别为1x ,21s ,考核成绩的平均数和方差分别为2x ,22s ,试比较1x 与2x ,21s 与22s 的大小. (只需写出结论)17. (本小题共14分)如图,在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,12AC BC AB ===,1AB ⊥平面ABC ,1AC AC ⊥,D ,E 分别是AC ,11B C 的中点.(Ⅰ)证明:11ACB C ⊥(Ⅱ)证明://DE 平面11AA B B ;(Ⅲ)求DE 与平面11BB C C 所成角的正弦值.AC 1A 1CB 1BDE18. (本小题共14分)已知椭圆C :2214x y +=,F 为右焦点,圆O :221xy +=,P 为椭圆C 上一点,且P 位于第一象限,过点P 作PT 与圆O 相切于点T ,使得点F ,T 在OP 两侧. (Ⅰ)求椭圆C 的焦距及离心率; (Ⅱ)求四边形OFPT 面积的最大值.19. (本小题共13分)已知函数()3ax f x ax =--e (0a ≠)(Ⅰ)求()f x 的极值; (Ⅱ)当0a >时,设211()32ax g x ax x a =--e .求证:曲线()y g x =存在两条斜率为1-且不重合的切线.20. (本小题共13分)如果数列{}n a 满足“对任意正整数,i j ,i j ≠,都存在正整数k ,使得k i j a a a =”,则称数列{}n a 具有“性质P”.已知数列{}n a 是无穷项的等差数列,公差为d .(Ⅰ)若12a =,公差3d =,判断数列{}n a 是否具有“性质P”,并说明理由; (Ⅱ)若数列{}n a 具有“性质P”,求证:10a ≥且0d ≥;(Ⅲ)若数列{}n a 具有“性质P”,且存在正整数k ,使得2018k a =,这样的数列{}n a 共有多少个?并说明理由海淀区高三年级第二学期期末练习参考答案及评分标准数 学(理科)2018.5第一部分(选择题 共40分)一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.第二部分 (非选择题 共110分)二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.(9)1(10)10(11)1;(12(13)答案不唯一,0a <或4a >的任意实数 (14)5三、解答题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明,演算步骤或证明过程. (15)(本小题13分) 解:(Ⅰ)2A =,2ω=,3πϕ=-. ······································································· 7分 (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)得,()2sin(2)3f x x π=-.因为()1f α=,所以1sin(2)32πα-=. ·········································· 8分 因为 52(,)123ππα∈,所以2(,)32ππαπ-∈. ································· 9分 所以5236παπ-=, ··································································· 11分 所以726απ=, ········································································· 12分所以7cos 2cos 6απ==.····················································· 13分16. (本小题共13分)解:(Ⅰ)这10名学生的考核成绩(单位:分)分别为:93,89.5,89,88,90,88.5,91.5,91,90.5,91.其中大于等于90分的有1号、5号、7号、8号、9号、10号,共6人. ·· 1分所以样本中学生考核成绩大于等于90分的频率为:60.610=, ································································ 3分 从该校高二年级随机选取一名学生,估计这名学生考核成绩大于等于90分的概率为0.6. ································································································································ 4分(Ⅱ)设事件A :从上述考核成绩大于等于90分的学生中再随机抽取两名同学,这两名同学两轮测试成绩均大于等于90分. ······················································ 5分 由(Ⅰ)知,上述考核成绩大于等于90分的学生共6人,其中两轮测试成绩均大于等于90分的学生有1号,8号,10号,共3人. ······································· 6分 所以,232631()155C P A C ===. ························································· 9分 (Ⅲ)12x x =,2212s s >. ··································································· 13分17. (本小题共14分)解:(Ⅰ)因为1AB ⊥平面ABC ,AC ⊂平面ABC ,所以1AB AC ⊥. ······································································· 1分因为1AC AC ⊥,11AB AC A =,1AB ,1AC ⊂平面11AB C ,所以AC ⊥平面11AB C . ······························································ 3分 因为11B C ⊂平面11AB C ,所以11AC B C ⊥. ······································································· 4分 (Ⅱ)法一:取11A B 的中点M ,连接MA 、ME . 因为E 、M 分别是11B C 、11A B 的中点, 所以ME ∥11A C ,且ME 1112A C =. ·············································· 5分 在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,11ADA C ,且112AD =所以ME ∥AD ,且ME =AD ,所以四边形ADEM 是平行四边形, ·············· 6分 所以DE ∥AM . ······································· 7分 又AM ⊂平面11AA B B ,DE ⊄平面11AA B B , 所以//DE 平面1AA BB . ·························· 9分 注:与此法类似,还可取AB 的中点M ,连接MD 、MB 1.法二:取AB 的中点M ,连接MD 、1MB . 因为D 、M 分别是AC 、AB 的中点,所以MD ∥BC ,且MD 12=BC . ·················· 5分 在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,1B EBC ,且112B E BC =1 1y所以MD ∥B 1E ,且MD =B 1E ,所以四边形B 1E DM 是平行四边形, ············ 6分 所以DE ∥MB 1. ······································ 7分 又1MB ⊂平面11AA B B ,DE ⊄平面11AA B B , 所以//DE 平面1AA BB . ·························· 9分 法三:取BC 的中点M ,连接MD 、ME .因为D 、M 分别是CA 、CB 的中点,所以,//DM AB . ···································································· 5分 在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,11//BC B C ,11BC B C =,因为E 、M 分别是11C B 和CB 的中点, 所以,1//MB EB ,1MB EB =,所以,四边形1MBB E 是平行四边形, ··········· 6分 所以,1//ME BB . ··································· 7分又因为MEMD M =,1BB AB B =,ME ,MD ⊂平面MDE ,BB 1,AB ⊂平面11AA B B所以,平面//MDE 平面11AA B B . ·············· 8分 因为,DE ⊂平面MDE ,所以,//DE 平面1AA BB . ······················· 9分 (Ⅲ)在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,11//BC B C ,因为11AC B C ⊥,所以AC BC ⊥. 在平面1ACB 内,过点C 作1//Cz AB , 因为,1AB ⊥平面ABC ,所以,Cz ⊥平面ABC . ··························· 10分 建立空间直角坐标系C -xyz ,如图.则(0,0,0)C ,(2,0,0)B ,1(0,2,2)B ,1(2,2,2)C -,(0,1,0)D ,(1,2,2)E -.(1,1,2)DE =-,(2,0,0)CB =,1(0,2,2)CB =. ···························· 11分 设平面11BB C C 的法向量为(,,)x y z =n ,则10CB CB ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩n n ,即20220x y z =⎧⎨+=⎩, 得0x =,令1y =,得1z =-,故(0,1,1)=-n . ····························· 12分 设直线DE 与平面11BB C C 所成的角为θ,1则sin θ=cos ,||||DEDE DE ⋅<>=⋅n nn 6=, 所以直线DE 与平面11BB C C 所成角的正弦值为6. ·························· 14分18. (本小题共14分)解:(Ⅰ)在椭圆C :2214x y +=中,2a =,1b =,所以c == ····························································· 2分 故椭圆C 的焦距为2c = ······················································ 3分 离心率2c e a ==. ··································································· 5分 (Ⅱ)法一:设00(,)P x y (00x >,00y >),则220014x y +=,故220014x y =-. ·················· 6分 所以2222220003||||||14TP OP OT x y x =-=+-=,所以0||2TP x =, ·································· 8分01||||24OTP S OT TP x ∆=⋅=. ··········· 9分又(0,0)O ,F ,故0012OFP S OF y y ∆=⋅=. ···················· 10分 因此00()2OFP OTP OFPT x S S S y ∆∆=+=+四边形 ································ 11分22==由220014x y +=,得1≤,即001x y⋅≤,所以22OFPT S =≤四边形, ·········································· 13分当且仅当2200142x y ==,即0x =02y =时等号成立. ················· 14分 (Ⅱ)法二:设(2cos ,sin )P θθ(02πθ<<),········································ 6分 则222222||||||4cos sin 13cos TP OP OT θθθ=-=+-=, 所以||TP θ=, ································································ 8分 1||||2OTP S OT TP θ∆=⋅=. ········································· 9分 又(0,0)O ,F ,故012OFP S OF y θ∆=⋅=. ················ 10分因此(cos sin )OFP OTP OFPT S S S θθ∆∆=+=+四边形 ························· 11分sin()242πθ=+≤, ·········································· 13分当且仅当4πθ=时,即0x =0y =···················· 14分19. (本小题共13分)解:(Ⅰ)法一:'()(1)ax ax f x a a a =⋅-=⋅-e e (0,)a x ≠∈R , ·················· 1分 令'()0f x =,得0x =. ······························································ 2分 ①当0a >时,'()f x 与1ax -e 符号相同,当x 变化时,'()f x ,()f x 的变化情况如下表:②当0a <时,'()f x 与1ax -e 符号相反,当x 变化时,'()f x ,()f x 的变化情况如下表:综上,()f x 在0x =处取得极小值(0)2f =-. ·································· 7分法二:'()(1)ax axf x a a a =⋅-=⋅-e e (0,)a x ≠∈R , ····························· 1分 令'()0f x =,得0x =. ······························································ 2分 令()(1)ax h x a =⋅-e ,则2'()axh x a =⋅e , ······································· 3分 易知'()0h x >,故()h x 是(,)-∞+∞上的增函数,即'()f x 是(,)-∞+∞上的增函数. ················································· 4分所以,当x 变化时,'()f x ,()f x 的变化情况如下表:因此,()f x 在0x =处取得极小值(0)2f =-. ·································· 7分 (Ⅱ)'()3()axg x ax f x =--=e (0,)a x >∈R , ····································· 8分 故'()1g x =-⇔()1f x =-. ······················································· 9分注意到(0)21f =-<-,22()51f a =->-e ,22()11f a--=->-e ,所以,12(,0)x a ∃∈-,22(0,)x a∈,使得12()()1f x f x ==-.因此,曲线()y g x =在点111(,())P x f x ,222(,())Px f x 处的切线斜率均为1-. ································································································ 11分 下面,只需证明曲线()y g x =在点111(,())P x f x ,222(,())Px f x 处的切线不重合. 法一:曲线()y g x =在点(,())i i i P x f x (1,2i =)处的切线方程为()()i i y g x x x -=--,即()i i y x g x x =-++.假设曲线()y g x =在点(,())i i i P x f x (1,2i =)处的切线重合,则2211()()g x x g x x +=+. ······························· 12分 法二:假设曲线()y g x =在点(,())i i i P x f x (1,2i =,12x x ≠)处的切线重合,则2121()()1g x g x x x -=--,整理得:2211()()g x x g x x +=+. ····························· 12分法一:由'()31iax i i g x ax =--=-e,得2i ax i ax =+e ,则221112()(2)322i i i i i i i i g x x ax ax x x ax x a a+=+--+=--+.因为12x x ≠,故由2211()()g x x g x x +=+可得122x x a+=-.而12(,0)x a ∈-,22(0,)x a ∈,于是有12220x x a a+>-+=-,矛盾!法二:令()()G x g x x =+,则12()()G x G x =,且'()'()1()1G x g x f x =+=+. 由(Ⅰ)知,当12(,)x x x ∈时,()1f x <-,故'()0G x <.所以,()G x 在区间12[,]x x 上单调递减,于是有12()()G x G x >,矛盾!因此,曲线()y g x =在点(,())i i i P x f x (1,2i =)处的切线不重合.········· 13分20. (本小题13分)解:(Ⅰ)若12a =,公差3d =,则数列{}n a 不具有性质P .······················ 1分 理由如下:由题知31n a n =-,对于1a 和2a ,假设存在正整数k ,使得12k a a a =,则有312510k -=⨯=,解得113k =,矛盾!所以对任意的*k ∈N ,12k a a a ≠. ··· 3分 (Ⅱ)若数列{}n a 具有“性质P”,则 ①假设10a <,0d ≤,则对任意的*n ∈N ,1(1)0n a a n d =+-⋅<.设12k a a a =⨯,则0k a >,矛盾! ·············································· 4分②假设10a <,0d >,则存在正整数t ,使得123120t t t a a a a a a ++<<<⋅⋅⋅<≤<<<⋅⋅⋅设111t k a a a +⋅=,212t k a a a +⋅=,313t k a a a +⋅=,…,1121t t k a a a ++⋅=,*i k ∈N ,1,2,,1i t =+,则12310t k k k k a a a a +>>>>⋅⋅⋅>,但数列{}n a 中仅有t 项小于等于0,矛盾!···························································································· 6分③假设10a ≥,0d <,则存在正整数t ,使得123120t t t a a a a a a ++>>>⋅⋅⋅>≥>>>⋅⋅⋅设112t t k a a a ++⋅=,213t t k a a a ++⋅=,314t t k a a a ++⋅=,…,1122t t t k a a a +++⋅=,*i k ∈N ,1,2,,1i t =+,则12310t k k k k a a a a +<<<<⋅⋅⋅<,但数列{}n a 中仅有t 项大于等于0,矛盾!···························································································· 8分综上,10a ≥,0d ≥.(Ⅲ)设公差为d 的等差数列{}n a 具有“性质P”,且存在正整数k ,使得2018k a =.若0d =,则{}n a 为常数数列,此时2018n a =恒成立,故对任意的正整数k , 21220182018k a a a =≠=⋅,这与数列{}n a 具有“性质P”矛盾,故0d ≠. 设x 是数列{}n a 中的任意一项,则x d +,2x d +均是数列{}n a 中的项,设1()k a x x d =+,2(2)k a x x d =+则2121()k k a a xd k k d -==-⋅, 因为0d ≠,所以21x k k =-∈Z ,即数列{}n a 的每一项均是整数. 由(Ⅱ)知,10a ≥,0d ≥,故数列{}n a 的每一项均是自然数,且d 是正整数. 由题意知,2018d +是数列{}n a 中的项,故2018(2018)d ⋅+是数列中的项,设2018(2018)m a d =⋅+,则2018(2018)2018201820172018()m k a a d d m k d -=⋅+-=⨯+=-⋅, 即(2018)20182017m k d --⋅=⨯.因为2018m k --∈Z ,*d ∈N ,故d 是20182017⨯的约数.所以,1,2,1009,2017,21009,22017,10092017d =⨯⨯⨯,210092017⨯⨯.当1d =时,12018(1)0a k =--≥,得1,2,...,2018,2019k =,故 12018,2017,...,2,1,0a =,共2019种可能;当2d =时,120182(1)0a k =--≥,得1,2,...,1008,1009,1010k =,故 12018,2016,2014,...,4,2,0a =,共1010种可能;当1009d =时,120181009(1)0a k =-⨯-≥,得1,2,3k =,故12018,1009,0a =,共3种可能;当2017d =时,120182017(1)0a k =--≥,得1,2k =,故12018,1a =,共2种可能; 当21009d =⨯时,120182018(1)0a k =-⨯-≥,得1,2k =,故12018,0a =,共2种可能;当22017d =⨯时,1201822017(1)0a k =-⨯⨯-≥,得1k =,故12018a =,共1种可能; 当10092017d =⨯时,1201810092017(1)0a k =-⨯⨯-≥,得1k =,故12018a =,共1种可能;当210092017d =⨯⨯时,12018210092017(1)0a k =-⨯⨯⨯-≥,得1k =,故12018a =,共1种可能.综上,满足题意的数列{}n a 共有201910103221113039+++++++=(种).经检验,这些数列均符合题意. ························································ 13分。