《红楼梦》翻译 1.“红”的翻译: 红楼梦，怡红院，怡红公子 A Dream of Red Mansion, The Happy Red Court, Happy Red Prince(杨宪益，戴乃迭) The Dream of Golden Days, The House of the Green Delight, Green Boy（David Hawkes ） 2.图腾动物及其它象征意义的动物的翻译： 水溶一面又向贾政道:“令郎真乃龙驹凤雏。” The prince turned to observe Jia Zheng:“Your son is turly a dragon’s colt or young phoenix.”(杨，戴) The prince observed to Jia Zheng that the young phoenix was worthy of his site.(D)
1.文学翻译的最高境界是“形神统 一”。 2.对于在不同时期有不同内涵的作品 应该“舍神取形”。 3.对于“神”和“形”的选择，要依 据作者 侧重和目标读者的不同而改变。
异化与归化 异化翻译法是故意使译文冲破目的语常规， 保留原文中的异国情调。 归化翻译法旨在尽量减少译文中的异国情调， 为目的语读者提供一种自然流畅的译文。
“Christ knows he can’t have gone,”…“Thank God he is traveling and not going down.”…” “God let him jump,” the old man said.（The Old Man and The Sea） “耶稣知道他不会走的。”…“幸而牠只是航行，并 没有往下面去——感谢上帝” … “上帝让它跳 吧。” 老人说。（张爱玲） “绝对不会溜走的”…“谢天谢地，它还在游着，没 钻到海底去”…“让它跳起来吧，”老头儿说。 （海观）
Nicholas M. William译：
Literary works are translatable 1.在本文化衍生出对应词之 前，对于一些新词采用音译 2.对于有独特文学技巧的作品可 加注释 3.替代法
形与神
翻译的最高境界为“形神兼备” Julia: Best sing it to the tune of ‘light of love’ Lucetta: It is too heavy for so light a tune ——The Two Gentleman of Verona《维洛 那二绅士》 J：可是你要唱就按《爱的清光》那个调子去唱吧 L：这个歌儿太沉重，和轻狂的调子不配 If we don’t hang together, we shall hang separately. 咱们要是不摽到一块儿，保准会吊在一块儿
“大卫，大卫。”麦德斯东曰：“克拉拉、汝对此孺子，宜加 以坚定之力，勿言大卫，大卫。作孺子声，彼能背者背之， 不能背已，讵尔以微声趣之，既能记忆耶！”迦茵曰： “不能背已耳。” 母曰:“然，吾意亦正尔。大卫， 汝更诵 之，勿泛勿躁。”（林纾） “喂，卫呀，卫呀！” “喂，克拉拉” 莫德斯通先生说道，“”对待孩子要坚定。 不要说‘喂，卫呀，卫呀！’那是孩子气的。他或是知道 他的功课，或是不知道。” “他不知道”，莫德斯通小姐恶狠狠地插嘴道。 “我真怕他不知道呢” 我母亲说道 “那么，你明白，克拉拉，” 摩小姐回答道，“你应当把书 还给他，要他知道。” “是的，当然。” 我母亲说道，“这正是我想做的，我亲爱 的珍。那，卫，再试一次，不要糊涂。”（董秋斯）
1.译者的目的 2. 读者的目的 3.译者的文化背景及所处的社会背景
明末清初耶稣会传教士来到中国，并非出于对异 己文化的敬仰和崇拜，而是要验证自己的天主文 化是否具有普遍性，为了在中国典籍中“索找基 督教之隐秘启示‘痕迹’。” 大哉，圣人之道！详详乎发育万物，峻极于天。优 优大哉！礼仪三百，威化三千，待其人然后 行。——《中庸》 Oh! How exalted is the path of the Saint, how vast and sublime is his teaching! When you consider his immensity, he nourishes and preserves everything; when you realize his height, he extends to the sky. But one has to wait for this man so that his divine teaching can reign everywhere.
Songster Smith of the stone cell, savoring swine, swore to sup on seven swine. Sometimes Smith, striding to the city, saw some swine. At seven, seven swine scampered to the city. Smith serendipitously saw the seven swine, so smith sent spears to slay the seven swine： Smith snatched the seven swine stiffs, and sped to Smith’s stone cell, Smith’s stone cell seeming slippery. Smith suggested servants sweep the stone cell. The stone cell swept, Smith set to swallowing the seven swine. Straightaway smith saw, sadly, the seven swine stiffs were simply seven stone swine stiffs .Seek to solve such a story.
翁显良译本： Autumn Crows hovering over rugged trees wreathed with rotten vine—the day is about done. Yonder is a tiny bridge over a sparkling stream, and on the far bank, a pretty little village. But the traveler has to go on down this ancient road. The west wind moaning, his bony horse groaning, trudging towards the sinking sun , farther and farther away from home.
“Oh, Dave, Dave!” “Now, Clara,” says Mr.Murdstone, “be firm with the boy. Don’t say “Oh, Dave, Dave!” That’s childish. He knows his lesson, or he does not know it.” “He does not know it,” Miss Murdstone interposes awfully. “I am really afraid he does not,” says my mother. “Then, you see, Clara” returns Miss Murdstone, “you should just give him the book back, and make him know it.” “Yes, certainly,” says my mother, “that is what I intend to do, my dear Jane. Now, Dave, try once more, and don’t be stupid.” ——David Copperfield
天净沙·秋思 [元]· 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家， 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下, 断肠人在天涯。
Tune to the sand and sky— Autumn Thought Schlepp 译 Dry vine, old tree, crows at dusk Low bridge, stream running, cottages Ancient road, west wind, lean rag The sun westering And one with breaking heart at the sky’s edge
3.与宗教观念有关的词语的翻译 世人都晓神仙好，唯有功名忘不了！古今将相在何 方？荒冢一堆草没了。 All men long to immortals Yet to riches and rank each aspires The great ones of old ,where are they now? Their graves are a mess of briars .(杨，戴) Men all know that salvation should be won But with ambition won’t have done, have done Where are the famous ones of days gone by? In grassy graves they lie now, every one Words ：
bourgeois 布尔乔亚 democracy 德莫克拉西
science 赛恩斯 proletariat 普罗列塔利亚
Contrivance of the Author
Palindrome Able was I ere I saw Elba. 在我看到厄尔巴岛之前，我曾所向无敌 Madam in Eden, I'm Adam 在伊甸园里的女士，我是亚当 Name no one man. 不为任何一人取名。 回文诗 苏轼《菩萨蛮．回文秋闺怨》 井桐双照新妆冷，冷妆新照双桐井；羞对井 花愁，愁花井对羞