高考英语语法专题复习------定语从句知识清单2015/ 9一、定语从句基础知识(填空)1.何为定语从句？在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.何为定语从句两个基本要素？先行词和关系词即：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
3.定语从句分为两大类：1）限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开,也不能省略，否则句意就不完整。
2) 非限制性定语从句：只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词的关系也比较松散，常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略, 原句意义仍然完整。
4.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？1）关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
指代人：who , whom , that 指代事物：which , that , as所属关系：whose , of which / of whom2）关系副词：在定语从句中充当状语，相当于介词＋which 。
指地点：where 指时间：when 指原因：why二、常见考点与难点归纳：1.引导词that与which的选择：总结1) 先行词有下列情况时,通常用关系代词that ，不用which 。
①先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时;②先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时;③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;④先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是)，the last修饰时;⑤当先行词既有人又有物时；⑥若主句中有疑问代词who, which时（为了避免重复）。
总结2）下列情况通常用关系代词which ，不用that ：①引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物，在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略。
②介词+关系词引导定语从句, 先行词为物时。
2.先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时应注意的问题：1) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用when, where, why，相当于介词+which.2) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that / which 。
3) 某些特殊先行词之后的where：某些抽象地点名词如：stage, position, point, situation, case, condition, activity, celebration 等做先行词时，且在定语从句中充当状语，常用where 引导，表示抽象化的地点，(相当于介词+which) 。
例如：必修1 Unit 5 (P34)①The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.②We were put into a position in which (= where) we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.3.介词+关系词：即介词+ whom (指人) 和介词+ which (指物)介词如何选择：1）看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配What were the things about which he was not so sure?2）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配The speed at w hich you drive your car mustn’t be too high.3）可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断China has many rivers, of / among which the Yangtze River is the longest.4.关系词as的用法: as既可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况：1）先行词有such, the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，as在从句中可充当主语，宾语，表语，表示“像……一样的…”。
① There is no such place as you dream of in this world.世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。
②I have the same trouble __as you have. 我和你有同样的麻烦。
注意：the same … that… / the same…as…的区别：③This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。
④ This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。
2）在非限制性定语从句中，as常用于固定搭配。
在此用法中, as所引导的定语从句可放在主句的句首、句中、句末。
如：众所周知As is known to all / As we all know综上所述As has been said / mentioned / described above正如经常发生的那样；情况通常如此As often happens / As is often the case如报纸所报道的As is reported in the newspaper5.引导非限制性定语从句时，关系词as 跟which的区别：as 意为“正如……”“正像……”, 可位于句首，句中，句末；which 意为“这” “这件事”，不能放句首。
若关系词指代前面整句话，且位于主句之后，二者有时候可以互换。
The earth is round, which / as is known to us all.__As was natural, he married Jenny.6.先行词为the way的定语从句：先行词为the way，在定语从句中作状语，引导词用in which, that或不填。
I recognized he’s from Australia from the way in which/that/不填he speaks.7. 定语从句与其它复合句的区分:1) 定语从句与同位语从句：① We all have heard the news _that our team won.②We don’t believe the news _(that / which)_ he told us yesterday.2) 定语从句与状语从句：① He left the key_where_ he had been an hour before.② He left the place _where_ he lived for many years.③ He is such a good teacher that we all like him.④ He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.⑤We’ll go where we are needed.3) 定语从句与主语从句：① _As_ is known to us all，paper was first made in China.②_It_ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.4) 定语从句与强调结构：① It is the house _where_ I met the young man.② It was in the house_that_ I met the young man.综合练习一、填空题（请用定语从句的相关知识填空，每空一词）：1. Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.3. Do you like the girl whose eyes are big?4. He always comes late, which makes his teacher angry.5. Have you seen the old lady whom / that / who a famous star is talking to?6. His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.7. The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.8. I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black with disease.9. It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.10. This is the reason why he was put in prison.11. The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.12. The man to / with whom you talked is my friend.13. I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.14. Is this museum the one where the exhibition was held?15. Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.16. This is the factory where my father works?17. This is the factory that /which we visited last week?18. Pisa is a city, where there is a leaning tower.19. He who _laughs_ (laugh) last laughs best. （谁笑到最后, 谁笑得最好。