闸北区2016年二模英语质量抽查试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Have you noticed that your friends are like your mother’s friends? Study has found that the manner (25)______ ______ a mother interacts with her friends makes a role model for an adolescent child when building (26)______ his/her own peer friendships.Unfortunately, teens often pick up on the negative elements in a relationship, such as conflict and opposition, and then copy these attitudes into their own relationships。

The new study investigated a previously understudied association —how a parent’s friendships influence the emotional well-being of their adolescent children.For the study, researchers studied the development of friendships and (27)______ peer relationships during adolescence and their impact on psychological adjustment.They found that adolescents (28)______imitate the negative characteristics of their mothers’ relationships in their own peer-to-peer friendships. The finding shows that mothers (29)______(serve) as role models for their adolescents during formative years.Additional findings suggest that adolescents internalize their reactions to their mothers’ conflict with adult friends and (30)______they have learned might lead them to anxietyand depression.Actually, conflict is a normal part of any relationship —be it a relationship between a parent and a child, or a mother and her friends. But (31)______(expose) to high levels of such conflict generally isn’t going to be good for children. Parents should consider whether they are good role models for their children. Parents should behave well especially where their friends are concerned. (32)______ things go wrong, parents should talk with their children about how to act with their friends, but more specifically, how not to act.(B)Today, women are beating men in education and in the workplace, creating a new generation of stay-at-home fathers.It (33)______ (predict) that relationships and traditional householdstructures will be transformed aswomen are earning more than their male partners.Successful women will have to ‘marry down’by choosing partners (34)______(qualified) and they may increasingly select men based on how supportive they might be to their wives’careers, rather than (35)_____ they can be the breadwinner for the family.Educator Mr Willetts said there was clear evidence from schools that boys are ‘lagging behind’, and (36)______(overtake) , to some people’s surprise, by female students at university.He said: ‘I am not against women having those advantages but there is now a rather striking distance. If you look at the statistics, approximately 50 percent of women (37)______(graduate) from university by the time they’re 30 compared with only 40 percent of men. It looks(38)______ ______ women have beaten men academically.’Many educated British women think that finding a financially capable husband is so difficult that many of them even give up having (39)______ try.And they are taught all along (40)______(rely) on themselves for everything.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. justB. gapC. irrelevantD. companyE. evidentF. victimG. typicalH. identifyI. addressJ. alternativeK.owedMost men and women feel that a dinner bill should be split down the middle, but how fair is this really?A new app aims to answer this question, and for others who fall___41___ to income inequality, by dividing the check up according to each person's race and gender.Equipay uses Bureau of Labor Statistics and math to calculate how much is ___42___ from each person and if the diner protests, it will give you statistics about the wage ___43___.'Equipay helps you avoid the firm discrimination that exists in our society. It doesn't work out an equal split of the bill but a ___44___one. ' the company's site says.'You pay what you should to balance out the wage diversity.'The app is the brain child of Luna Malbroux, a diversity educator, who wanted to 'make the touchy subject' of racial and gender inequalities more ___45___. The problem is expected to catch people’s eyeeasily.'I hope that this, more than anything, starts a discussion and helps people to start thinking a little bit differently about how we can use technology and innovation to ___46___gender discrimination and wage inequality,' Malbroux said.The app has a built in 'diversity tool' that allows you to ___47___ how diverse your friends really are and the app also displays the level of income for each person.Type in the amount of the entire bill at the top, tip included, and the software will begin calculating the split based on who your ___48___ is.Finally it will show you the list again, but now with how much each person has to pay.Before paying your share, there is the ___49_____ to protest, in which the app will ask 'what's your excuse' and lists reasons for you to choose from.You can say 'I was a middle child' or 'I'm unaware of my privilege'.Equipay will find the best reply possible, whether it is facts regarding income differences or something seemingly___50___but also makes you think twice before keep disagreeing with what you have to pay.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sitesis via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are even willing to___59___better visual experiences for high viewing speed. As user preference stands on top of any search engine’s list of priority, search engines will look very ___60___upon the speed improvements of the websites.In addition, for a hot website, appropriate update frequency is also vital. Although the content is current and up to date when it is first launched, it will soon lose its ___61___with the explosion of other various online resources. If the content on your websites has appeared on other sites before, your website is sooner or later to be deserted because of humans’nature of having a low ___62___threshold(门槛). In turn, your website’s search ___63___ will drop drastically.Finally, don’t look down on customer experience. Too often people ignore the benefits of creating a viewing experience that is enjoyable.When assessingyour website’s user friendliness, understand that ___64___ of use comes first, but do not discount the benefits of adding a bit of ___65___ into that experience as well.51. A. appeal to B. agree with C. remind of D. connect with52. A. establish B. frequent C. adjust D. evaluate53. A. specialization B. comment C. exposure D. strengthening54. A. calm down B. make progress C. watch out D. follow suit55. A. applicable B. superior C. temperate D. realistic56. A. emergency B. disadvantage C. guidance D. obligation57. A. weigh B. reserve C. represent D. revise58. A. decorate B. reduce C. acknowledge D. undertake59, A. enjoy B. eliminate C. trade D. prepare60. A. favourably B. intelligently C. necessarily D. fortunately61. A. sense B. wisdom C. freshness D. feature62. A. identity B. access C. value D. boredom63. A. vision B. ranking C. decision D. settlement64. A. ease B. direction C. opportunity D. recovery65. A. humour B. satisfaction C. delight D. sympathySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)It seems to me that all writers, including those brilliant ones, need encouragement particularly in their early years. I always knew I could write, but that just meant I wrote a little better than my peers. I hope that I might one day write well enough to derive income from my efforts. Oddly enough, this never occurred to me until I met a special teacher in life.There was a kind teacher at Hyde Park High School in Chicago, who simply by concentrating her attention on me, made me believe that I might be able to master the knack of writing well enough to consider the craft as a profession. Miss Marguerite Byme taught English, which of course, involved writing skills. Whatever instruction she shared with me was exactly the same as all her other students enjoyed, but the only difference was she encouraged me to begin the process of submittingthings I was writing, in those days, chiefly poems.To my surprise the Chicago Tribune not only thought enough of several of my verses to publish them, but also paid me-inadvertently-the highest compliment a fledgling author can receive. The editor wrote a confidential letter to Miss Byme, asking her to see, if by any chance, one of her students-a certain Stephen Allen-might be guilty of copying. The editor’s suspicions had been aroused because, he was kind enough to say, he found it hard to believe that a seventeen-year –old could create material on such a professional level. When Miss Byme shared the letter with me, I was overjoyed! It was wonderfully heartening.Miss Byme made me realize that I should not hide my light. This made me collect my courage to enter a writing contest. The assignment was to write an essay titled “rediscovering America.” I was literally astonished when I received a letter saying thatI was the winner of the contest. The prize was a thousand dollars. My mother, at the time, was not even aware that I was interested in writing, or if she had somehow found out about it, she took little notice. When I arrived home that evening with the letter, she was indifferent and did not ask how the evening had gone.Without encouragement, even talented students will continue to perform below expectations. For example, at the same high school, there was a teacher whose Spanish language classes I attended but from whom I, unfortunately learned very little simply because of the woman’s cold sarcastically critical attitude. She seemed to know nothing about nurturing students. Soon, I withdrew from her classroom literacy instruction.Years later, I was able to repay my debt to Marguerite Byme by dedicating one of my books, Wry on the Rocks-A collection of Poems, to her. I have enjoyed a lifetime writing books and television scripts because of her urge.66. Miss Byme treated me differently from other students in that ______.A. she encouraged the author to try to earn money from writingB. she gave the author private instructions on writing skillsC. she advised the author to contribute his writing worksD. she taught the author the knack of writing as a profession67. The editor wrote a letter to Miss Byme because ______.A. he regretted overpaying the authorB. he had doubts about the author’s writing abilitiesC. he wanted to inform her of the author’s talentD. he wanted to befriend a future star writer68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The author had set the goal of writing professionally since childhood.B. The share of the editor’s letter made the author ashamed of his behavior.C. The author won the writing contest which made his mother proud of himD. The author quitted Spanish course because of the teacher’s negative attitude.69. The author is writing the passage mainly to tell readers that ______.A. writing skills should be cultivated since high school yearsB. it’s easy for a writer like him to make a living by writingC. parents should take kid’s interests and talents seriouslyD. development of skills and abilities require adequate encouragement(B)Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals.? We are revealing for you:1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, CanadaNorthern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay.Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island, St. Andrews, Grand Manan Island, and Deer Island.2. Grizzly bears, AlaskaGrizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms.Planning: Most fishing sites are accessed by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Stewart-Cassiar Highway.3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, MexicoEach fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyamel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Michoacán. They flock intimately on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.Planning: Chincua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March.4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, IndonesiaLanding on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!”This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard—the Komodo dragon. Weighing79 to 91 kg, the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike toa viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10 ft (3 m) long.Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores).5. Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, TanzaniaUndoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September.70. In which place can a variety of types of animals be viewed?A. Alaska.B. Sierra ChincuaC. Komodo IslandD. Serengeti71. The underlined word gregarious i s closest in meaning to ______.A. being able to climb.B. preferring group livingC. migrating in huge numbersD. moderate in temper72. Which of thefollowing statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features.B. Viewing spots for grizzly bears can be reached through air and on foot.C. Komodo dragons are similar to dinosaurs in living period.D. Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favourable food conditions.73. The target readers of the passage are probably ______.A. adventurous visitors longing for closer look at animalsB. mountain hikers who seek unique hiking trailsC. experienced hunters who are aimed at rare animalsD. average zoo visitors looking for animal contact at safe distance(C)Genetic testing offers people insight into the types of diseases they are mostlikely to develop — but a new study suggests most people do not alter their lifestyles based on this information. These tests — known as genome sequencing —analyze a person's DNA, telling patients about their known risk for diseases like cancer or diabetes. But being told you’re at a higher risk for lung cancer doesn’t seem to motivate anyone to quit smoking or alcohol, this study suggests. Because of this, the scholars argue that genetic testing should be banned as a tool for improving people's health.Today’s finding came from pulling data from 18 other studies that followed people after they received the results of genetic tests. Receiving information about genetic risks didn’t inspire people to eat differently, exercise more, or stop smoking, "Expectations have been high that giving people information about their genetic risk will empower them to change their behavior, but we have found no evidence that this is the case," study author Theresa Marteau, director of behavior and health research said in a press release.Genetic testing, which the National Institutes of Health says costs anywhere from $100 to $2,000, has become much more accessible as commercial testing companies such as 23andMe and Sure Genomics have sprung up. These companies are not allowed to share disease risk estimates with consumers thanks to the Food and Drug Administration. However, today’s study didn’t specify whether the genetic testing were purely from academic sequencing, or if any of these companies had had a role in supplying the data.Genetic testing doesn’t get people to change their behavior for the better, but it doesn't have any known negative effects either. Knowing the results of these tests didn't change people's depression or anxiety levels. And there's no indication that testing inspires people to pick up risky or dangerous health habits either, the study found.Actually a genetic predisposition to a certain disease is common among people. Some people are born weak in heart. Some are innately vulnerable in digestive system. But these most common risk factors usually don't raise a person's chances of getting the disease by a significant amount. It's possible that some of the patients in the study had substantially high disease risks based on their DNA profile, but those patients tend to be rather rare. "It’s still likely that communicating this type of information is very valuable to some people, but it’s just that there aren’t that many of those people," Zikmund-Fisher from the University of Michigan said. "The idea that providing genetic risk information is going to be transformative to everyone seems unlikely."74. Why did some experts suggest stopping genetic testing?A. Genome sequencing aren’t accurate in detecting certain disease risks.B. Genetic testing results fail to encouragepeople to remove bad habits.C. Genetic testing does neither good nor harm to people’s behaviorial improvement.D. Genetic testing results are offered by commercial testing companies.75. The underlined word predisposition to in the passage is closest in meaning to_____.A. testing onB. prediction aboutC. sensitivity toD. insight into76. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Theresa Marteau believes genetic testing helps to change people’s behaviors.B. Sure Genomics is forbidden to deliver illness risk expectations to patients.C. Genetic testing results are totally coming from academic sequencing.D. Genetic testing results in a way worsen the patients’ moods and emotions.77. It’s said that people’s unconcerned response to genetic testing doesn’t cause much harm because ______.A. getting rid of bad life habits doesn’t do much good to people’s healthB. almost all people have certain disease risks based on genetic testingC. providing genetic risk information interferes with the medical treatmentD. genetic testing shows few people are at a high risk of getting certain diseasesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When California lawmakers voted this month to raise the legal age to buy cigarettes from 18 to 21, they joined Hawaii and other areas in seeking a way in age change to prevent vulnerable teenagers from getting hooked. And now other avenuesof unlawful teen cigarettes obtaining are also drying up: vending machines are vanishing, and online sales to minors are decreasing.The respected Institute of Medicine projected that if the legal age were raisedto 21, by the time today’s teenagers became adults smoking prevalence would be cutby 12%. The greatest impact, the IOM found, would likely be among teens 15 to 17.Given the current fruits the campaign against teen-smoking has yielded, campaigners still have more reasons to try to cut further years into youth smoking, though in vain for now. Adolescents are more prone to addiction than adults because parts of the brain most responsible for decision-making, impulse control and susceptibility to peer pressure are still developing. As for the health effects, the rise for smoking-related illness though in part with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, is mainly associated with the number of years a person smokes.The most persistent argument against raising the age is that at 18, people havethe right to marry, to vote and to serve in the military, which means the age is normally considered the threshold for maturity. Therefore, they are able to decide for their own whether to smoke. But society does set 21 as the age for another dangerous activity, drinking alcohol — a change that has prevented about 900 drunken driving deaths per year. Smoking is the public's business, too.In Finland, daily smoking dropped significantly among 14- to 16-year-olds after the legal age was raised from 16 to 18 and enforcement was bolstered. There's no comparable research in the United States, which is precisely the point. Given the tobacco industry's success in getting young people hooked, teenagers deserve to find out whether the U.S. has been missing a powerful tool to save their lives.Some people warn that parents and public health advocates shouldn’t get their hopes too high. Teenage behavior is unpredictable and resourceful; many teens use fake IDs to buy alcohol and it’s likely they would do the same for tobacco. But unless more states follow the suit of California and Hawaii, the ultimate value of the age raise can't be obvious, can it? So take action now.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. Underage teenagers can get cigarettes illegally from ______.79. What primarily causes the increase of cigarette-related diseases?80. The reason given by people to keep the age of 18 as legal smoking age is that ______.81. According to the author, what would show clearly the benefits of raising smoking age?II卷（共47分）I. Translation（22分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．没有清洁水源，几年后这个地区将会是什么样子？（clean）2．为了不与社会脱节，许多退休老人参与了社区组织的活动（arrange）3．因缺少建筑资金，公众直到最近才得以进入这个商业中心。