Learning Supplementsin Organic Chemistry有机化学双语教学辅助材料（常见中英文专业单词对照）有机化学常见概念中英对照中文名称英文名β-酮酸酯β-ketone esterDL规则DL conventionD-异构体D-isomerE-异构体E isomerL-异构体L-isomern+1规则n+1 ruleπ键pi bondR/S构型命名法Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) R/S convention R基R groups-反式构象s-trans conformationα,β-不饱和酮α,β-unsaturated ketoneσ键sigma bond氨、氨水ammonia(NH3)氨基amino group氨基酸amino acid氨络物ammine铵根离子ammonium ion(NH4+) ammonium. 胺amine螯合物chelate八隅规则octet rule半缩醛半缩酮hemiketal饱和脂肪族烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 苯benzene苯环phenyl ring苯基phenyl group苯炔; 脱氢苯benzyne苄基；苯甲基benzyl group变性denaturation变旋Mutarotation氢离子活度的pH值pH丙二烯丙烷propane薄层色谱thin layer chromatography(TLC) 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon不规则的Atactic不完全八隅体incomplete octet布朗斯特碱Br.sted base布朗斯特酸Br.sted acid部分消旋的Scalemic差向异构化作用Epimerization差向异构体Epimers拆分; 分辨率; 分离度Resolution超共轭; 超共轭效应Hyperconjugation稠环芳烃Condensed aromatics船式构象Conformation (boat)纯手性; 纯手性的Homochiral醇Alcohol(ROH)醇酸Alcoholic acid醇盐Alkoxide(RO- M+) alkoxide ion. 醋酸盐Acetate单分子亲核取代反应SN1 reaction单分子消除反应E1 elimination reaction单配位基Monodentate蛋白质Protein等时的；同步的Isochronous等位; 等位的; Homotopic狄尔斯-阿尔德反应Diels-Alder reaction电负性Electronegativity电环化反应、π-键环化反应Electrocyclic reactions电价键; 离子键Ionic bond电偶极矩Electric dipole moment(μ) 电偶极子Electric dipole淀粉Starch动理学; 动力学Kinetics动力学拆分Kinetic resolution动力学产物Kinetic product对Para对称面Plane of symmetry对甲基苯磺酸盐Ots，Tosylate (toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-mec6h4so3)对溴苯磺酸盐Obs，Brosylate (4-bromobenzenesulfonate, 4-brc6h4so3), 对旋Disrotatory对映体Enantiomers对映体过量百分数Enantiomeric excess; enantiomeric ratio对映体过量的Enantiomerically enriched 对映异位的Enantiotopic非质子溶剂Aprotic solvent多步合成Multistep synthesis多配位基的Polydentate多原子分子Polyatomic molecule多原子离子Polyatomic ion惰性电子对Inert pair二环的Bicyclic二硫化物Disulfide二氯甲烷Dichloromethane(CH2Cl2) 二元化合物Binary compound反错构象Anti clinal反芳香性的Anti-aromatic反键轨道Antibonding orbital反平面Anti periplanar反式Trans反式的Anti反式构象Anti conformation反式加成Anti addition范德华力Van der Waals’ radius芳环; 芳族环Aromatic ring(Ar)芳基Aryl group芳烃Aromatic hydrocarbon芳香烃Arene芳族化合物; 芳香族化合物Aromatic compound非苯芳烃Nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 非等时同步Anisochronous非对映异构的Diastereotopic非对映异构体Diastereoisomers非手性、非手性的Achiral肥皂Soap费歇尔投影式Fischer projection分馏Fractional distillation分歧、不同Allo-分子单元Formula unit分子轨道理论Molecular orbital theory 分子几何; 分子几何结构Molecular geometry分子离子Molecular ion分子量Molecular weight分子模型Molecular model分子筛Molecular sieve分子式Molecular formula酚Phenol酚酸Phenolic acid酚酞Phenolphthalein风化的Efflorescent砜Sulfone干馏Dry distillation甘油Glycerol甘油, 丙三醇Glycerol(HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH) 甘油三酸酯Triglyceride高分子化合物Polymer隔离双键Isolated double bonds共扼二烯烃Conjugated diene共轭碱Conjugate base共轭双键Conjugated double bonds 共轭酸Conjugate acid共价键Covalent bond共振结构Resonance structures共振结构式Canonical forms共振效应Resonance effect构象Conformation构象异构体Conformers构型Configuration构造异构体Constitutional isomers固体石蜡Paraffin wax官能团Functional group冠醚Crown ether光学纯Enantiomerically pure (optically pure) 光学纯的Optically pure轨道Orbital国际纯粹与应用化学联合会Iupac过渡态Transition state过氧化物离子Superoxide ion合成材料Synthetic material合成纤维Synthetic fiber合成橡胶Synthetic rubber核磁共振Nmr核间距离，键长Bond length核酸外切酶Exo红外光谱IR spectroscopy，infrared spectroscopy 胡萝卜素Carotene互变体; 互变异构体Tautomer互变异构现象Tautomerism化学计量学; 化学计量法Stoichiometry化学键Chemical bond化学式量; 分子量Formula weight化学位移Chemical shift环化加成反应Cycloaddition reaction环氧化合物Epoxide缓冲溶液Bufferph buffer; buffer solution. 磺化反应Sulfonation reaction磺基Sulpho group磺酸Sulfonic acid混酸甘油酯Mixed glyceride活性亚甲基Active methylene group 基（后缀）-Yl极性分子Polar molecule极性键Polar bond几何异构体Geometric isomer加成反应Addition reaction加成化合物Addition compound加聚反应Addition polymerization 甲基Methyl(-CH3)甲烷Methane价电子Valence electron价键Valence bond假旋转Pseudorotation间位定位Meta-directing碱; 基极Base碱的、碱性的Alkaline碱水解常数Base hydrolysis constant 碱土金属Alkaline earth键焓Bond enthalpy键级Bond order键能Bond energy交叉式构象Conformation (staggered) 交叉式构象Staggered conformation 结构式Structural formula腈Nitrile肼、联氨Hydrazine(NH2NH2)锯架投影式Sawhorse projection聚合反应Po1ymerization均裂Homolytic bond cleavage 卡宾、碳烯Carbene R2C:.醌Quinone蜡Wax离去基团Leaving group离子电离; 离子电离作用Ionic dissociationionize; ionization. 离子盐Ionic compound salt立体化学Stereochemistry立体特异性的，立体专一性的Stereospecific立体选择性的，立体有择性的Stereoselective立体异构体Stereoisomers两性的Amphoteric两性离子Zwitterion两性溶剂Amphiprotic solvent 裂化Cracking裂解Pyrolysis邻Orthogonal邻近的Vicinal硫醇Thiol硫酚Thiophenol硫化物Sulfide卤代烃Halohydrocarbon卤离子Halide ion路易斯碱Lewis base路易斯结构Lewis structure路易斯酸Lewis acid螺环化合物Spiro compound螺旋度; 螺旋性Helicity马尔科夫尼科夫规则Markovniknov’s rule 麦芽糖Maltose煤Coal酶Enzyme醚Ether命名法; 命名原则Nomenclature内Endo内酰胺Lactam内消旋化合物Meso compounds内酯Lactone扭曲式构象Conformation (skewed) 扭转位阻Torsion barrier纽曼投影式Newman projection偶氮Azo偶极矩Dipole moment配体; 配基Ligand配位数Coordination number平键; 平伏键Equatorial bond平均键焓Average bond enthalpy 平面偏振光Plane polarized light葡萄糖Glucose前手性Prochiral强酸Strong acid羟基Hydroxy group羟基酸Hydroxy acid桥环化合物Bridged ring compound 桥头碳原子Bridgehead carbon亲电体; 亲电子试剂Electrophile亲核试剂Nucleophile亲核性Nucleophilicity亲双烯体Dienophile氢键Hydrogen bond氢氧化物Hydroxide氢氧化物、水合物Hydrate氰基Cyano group巯基Mercapto巯基Sulfhydryl group区域选择性Regioselective取代反应Substitution reaction取代基Substituent取代酸Substituted acid全规的；全同立构的Isotactic醛Aldehyde(RCHO)醛的后缀-Al炔烃Alkyne热力学Thermodynamics热力学产物Thermodynamic product 弱酸Weak acid叁键Triple bond石蜡Paraffin石蕊试纸Litmus paper石油Petroleum实验式; 经验式;Empirical formula手性; 手性的Chiral手性分子Chiral molecule手性中心Chiral center手性中心、不对称中心Stereogenic centre (Chiral centre, Asymmetric centre) 双分子亲核取代反应SN2 reaction双分子消除反应E2 elimination reaction双峰; 双重谱线Doublet双键Double bond双烯; 二烯烃Diene双原子分子Diatomic molecule水合氢离子Hydronium ion(H3O+)水解反应Hydrolysis reaction水煤气,蓝煤气；合成气Water gas;blue gas; synthesis gas 顺错构象Syn clinal顺式Cis顺式；同；共；Syn顺式共平面Syn periplanar顺式加成Syn addition顺旋Conrotatory赤式Erythro塑料Plastic塑料的老化Plastic ageing酸、酸的Acid酸电离常数Acid dissociation constant. 酸酐Acid anhydride酸碱指示剂Acid-base indicator羧基Carboxyl group羧酸Carboxylic acid缩氨脲Semicarbazone缩酮Ketal碳水化合物、糖类Carbohydrate碳正离子Carbocation羰基Carbonyl group糖Sugar天然产物Natural product铁离子Ferric ion.烃、碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon烃的衍生物Derivative of hydrocarbon 烃基Hydrocarbonyl同侧的Suprafacial同分异构体Isomer同系物Homo1og同系物; 同系化合物Homolog铜离子Cupric. (cu2+) cupric ion 酮Ketone酮Ketone(R-CO-R')酮酸Keto acid脱氢酶Dehydrogenases歪扭构象; 偏转构象Gauche conformation外消旋化作用Racemization外消旋混合物Racemic mixture烷基Alkyl group烷基Alkyl(-cnh2n+1) alkyl group. 烷烃Alkane paraffin.烷氧基Alkoxyl group王水Aqua regia未共用电子对Lone pair位阻Steric hindrance位阻异构体Atropisomers肟Oxime无机化合物Inorganic compound 无机化学Inorganic chemistry 无水的Anhydrous西佛碱Shiff's base吸湿的Hygroscopic吸湿性; 吸水性Hygroscopicity烯丙基Allyl group烯丙基正离子Allylic carbon烯烃Alkene洗涤剂Detergent洗脱; 洗脱法；洗剂Elution纤维素Cellulose酰胺Amide酰基Acyl group酰卤Acid halide消去反应Elimination reaction消旋体Racemate硝化反应Nitratlon reaction硝基Nitro group硝酸，王水Nitric acid. (hno3) aqua fortis 协定的, 一致的；协同的Concerted偕的Geminal辛烷Octane休克尔规则Hückel's rule溴的四氯化碳溶液Solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴水Bromine water旋光计Polarimeter旋光性Optical activity亚氨基Imino group亚砜Sulfoxide亚磺酸Sulfinic acid亚铁离子Ferrous ion亚铜离子Cuprous. (cu+) cuprous ion亚硝基Nitroso group 盐析Salting-out阳离子Cation乙醇Ethanol乙二胺四乙酸Edta乙醛Ethana1乙炔Ethyne乙酸Acetic acid乙酸Ethanoic acid 乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal乙烯Ethene乙酰乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetoacetate椅式构象Conformation (chair) 椅型构象; 椅式构象Chair conformation 异头物Anomers异位的Syndiotactic阴离子Anion阴碳离子; 负碳离子Carbanion银镜反应Silver mirror reaction 硬脂酸、十八酸Stearic acid油脂Oils and fats有机化合物Organic compound有旋光活性的Optically active右旋的Dextrorotatory (d)诱导效应Inductive effect原子化热Enthalpy of atomization. ( hat) 杂化; 杂交Hybridization杂化轨道Hybrid orbitals杂环的, 不同环式的Heterocyclic皂化作用Saponification蔗糖Sucrose正交Ortho脂肪酸Fatty acid脂肪族的Aliphatic脂环烃Alicyclic hydrocarbon 直角的；正交的Ortho-para director直立键Axial bonds指纹区Fingerprint region酯Ester酯化反应Esterification质谱法Mass spectrometry质子Proton质子给体; 质子给予体Proton donor质子溶剂Protic solvent中和反应Neutralization reaction 中间体Intermediate中介效应Mesomeric effect中性的Neutral轴手性；轴不对称性Axial chirality自由基，根，原子团Radical自由基; 游离基Free radical腙Hydrozone左旋的Laevorotatory (l)重氮化; 重氮化作用Diazotization重氮盐Diazonium salt重叠式构象Conformation (eclipsed) 重叠式构象Eclipsed conformation 重键; 多重键Multiple bond周环反应Pericyclic reactions。