（1）以流场分布，速度分布、密度分布和浓度分布作为公共变量，将变密度地下水渗 流模型与地下水溶质运移模型紧密耦合，利用强隐式（SIP）算法迭代求解，构建变密度地 下水渗流溶质运移模块，并利用Henry问题对模块进行验证，结果合理。
（2）以分布式水文模型DTVGM模拟的土壤水入渗量作为变密度地下水渗流溶质运移 模块的输入项，实现DTVGM与变密度地下水流溶质运移模块的松散式耦合。利用小清河流 域水文站月流量资料及黄河三角洲南部广饶县海水入侵监测数据对耦合模型进行验证，耦合 模型月流量模拟效率系数达到0.74以上，相对误差小于6.4%，相关系数大于0.86；地下水位 模拟与实测资料相关系数达到0.959；cl-浓度模拟与观测数据相关系数为0.914，表明耦合模 型对地表水流、地下水位及溶质运移过程模拟具有可靠性。
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博士学位论文
变密度地下水流溶质运移模型 及其海水入侵模拟应用
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李淼 夏 军 研究员 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 陈 志 教 授 加拿大康考迪亚大学
理学博士 自然地理学 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
2012 年 11 月
Variable density flow and solute transport model and its application on seawater intrusion
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Abstract
Seawater intrusion of the aquifer in coastal areas will lead to the regional water quality deterioration, shortage of freshwater water resources, and a series of ecological problems such as soil salinization and desertification. It becomes a significant factor to restrict of the sustainable development of economic society in coastal areas. The reduction of fresh water by rivers, sea level rising reduced by climate change and effect of human activities accelerate the seawater intrusion and make this situation more serious. It is essential to accurately simulate and predict the trend of seawater intrusion in coastal areas in different scenarios to solve the problem of shortage of water resources and ecological environment in coastal areas. The model based on variable-density flow and solute transport needs to be considered and built to solve the problem of seawater intrusion. On the basis of the groundwater dynamics theory and distributed time variable gain model (DTVGM), a two-dimensional variable density groundwater flow and solute transport module is developed to describe and simulate seawater intrusion process. The model makes a application in Guangrao County in the southern area of the Yellow River Delta to simulate the trend of seawater intrusion in the next 20 years under different climate change scenarios and impact of human activities; to take analysis of area differences by the joint action from precipitation differences and water conservation planning; and to take the risk assessment of status quo and future seawater intrusion by comprehensive utilization of monitoring data and simulation results; ultimately to provide a scientific basis and technical support for efficient using, planning and management of regional water resources.
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The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (1) Taking the water level distribution, velocity distribution, density distribution and the concentration distribution as the public variables, the variable density groundwater flow and solute transport model is coupled tightly. It uses the algorithm of strongly implicit procedure (SIP) to get the iterative solution. The Henry problem is solved to validate the model and the result is reasonable. (2) The soil water recharge simulated by distributed hydrological model DTVGM is one of inputs to variable density groundwater flow and solute transport module which makes an achievement of loose coupling between surface water module and variable density groundwater flow and solute transport module. Then validation of the coupled model will be made by comparing the monthly runoff data from hydrological station in Xiaoqing river basin and monitoring data of seawater intrusion in Guangrao county in the south of Yellow river delta with modeling results. Efficiency coefficients of monthly runoff simulated by the coupled model are more than 0.74, the relative errors are less than 6.4% and correlation coefficients are greater than 0.86. The correlation coefficient between simulated and measured groundwater level reach up to 0.959; the correlation coefficient of simulated and observational cl- concentration is 0.914. It
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摘要
滨海地区海水入侵含水层将引起地区性水质恶化，导致淡水水资源短缺，同时引发土 壤盐渍化及荒漠化等一系列生态环境问题，成为制约滨海地区经济社会可持续发展的重要因 素。河流供应淡水量的减少、气候变化导致的海平面上升及人类活动影响使海水入侵形势愈 发严峻。准确模拟及在不同情景下预测滨海地区海水入侵趋势对解决滨海地区水资源短缺与 生态环境问题至关重要。在解决这一问题时，必须要考虑浓度等条件引起流体密度变化。因 此，本文基于地下水动力学理论，依托分布式时变增益模型（DTVGM），构建二维变密度 地下水渗流溶质运移模块，重点模拟海水入侵过程。以黄河三角洲南部广饶县为例，探讨不 同气候变化情景及人类活动影响下研究区未来 20 年海水入侵趋势，分析降水丰枯与节水规 划共同作用下海水入侵面积差异，并综合利用监测数据和模拟结果进行现状及未来海水入侵 风险灾害评价，为区域水资源合理高效利用、规划与管理，提供科学依据和技术支撑。论文 的主要结论如下：