公共管理研究方法的本质
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工具能导致决策的质变： 正确使用的重要性
• 描述效果 Descriptive Curve
• 拉法尔曲线 Laffer Curve
• 公共选择 Public Choice
• 逻辑思迪克回归 Logistic Analysis
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Fiscal Policy (National Debt)
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科学的方法
内涵 外延
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2. 科学家与科学方法
Scientists and Scientific Methods
• Archimedies (287-212 B.C.). Archemedes Principle-the principle of the boyant force. Integral calculus, 2000 years earlier than that of Newton's.
• Euclid (c300. B.C), Greek Geometrician. Eulidean Geometry, also known as plane geometry, geometry based on the principle Euclid postulated: only one line can be drawn through a given point parallel to a given line. Symmetry.
• Michael Faraday (1791-1867, pioneer of the electrical age. First electric motor.
• Antoine Laurent Laviosier (1743-1794, French Scientist, pionior of chemistry.
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Arthur Laffer
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公共选择理论
1。国家的性质：公共决策 2。国家公务员理性人假设 3。否定公共利益 4。决策成本与执行成本的结合点
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Total Net Worth in U.S.: $42.3892 trillion ($42,389,200,000,000) (non-labor wealth. Plus 75%, 170 trillion).
Quantum physics. (Femi, Slazar, etc.)
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• Charles Darwin (1809-1882, British biologist, known as the Newton of biology. Survival of the fittest.
• Marie Curie (1867-1934), discover of radium (Mother of radiology). • Albert Einstein (1879-1955). The theory of relativity. Father of
Scientists and Scientific Methods
• Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Father of modern physics. Discoverer of the law of motion.
• James Watt (1736-1819, Scottish engineer and steam engine inventor).
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Figure : CEOs' average pay, production workers' average pay, the S&P 500 Index, corporate profits, and the federal minimum wage, 1990-2005 (all figures adjusted for inflation)
Source: Arthur B. Kennickell, "A Rolling Tide: Changes in the Distribution of Wealth in the U.S., 1989-2001," Table 10. (Levy 2020E/7c/1o1nomics Institute: November, 2003)
• Charles Lyell (1797-1875, Scottish, father of geology), Charles Darwin (1809-1882, British biologist, known as the Newton of biology. Survival of the fittest.
Source: Executive Excess 2006, the 13th Annual CEO Compensation Survey from the Institute for Policy Studies and United for a Fair Economy Source: Executive Excess 2006, the 13th Annual CEO Compensation Survey from the Institute for Policy Studies and United for a Fair Economy
• Claudius Ptolemy (A. D. 127-151).
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543, Polish astronomer).
• Galileo Galilei (1564-1642, Italian astronomer). W2i0l2l0i/a7/1m1 Harvey (1578-1657, British medical scientist,