• This is a cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the house that Jack built.
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield) 译2：
第二章：英汉语言现象比较
Comparison at sentences level
天净沙· 秋思 [元]· 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家。 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下， 断肠人在天涯 枯藤缠绕的老树上栖息着黄昏归 巢的乌鸦， 小桥旁潺潺的流水映出几户 人家， 荒凉的古道上，迎着西边吹 来的萧瑟的秋风走来一位骑着瘦 马的游子。 夕阳早已往西沉下，漂泊未 归的断肠人还远在天涯。
language. Just because all the theories, methods,
techniques concerning English-Chinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important, so to say, to master the languages’ peculiarities.
English： Composition: motherland, blackboard, waterworks, handwriting, silkworm, outbreak, easy-going, home-made, whitewash; The United Stated is a “do-it-yourself” country. Conversion: paper the window, empty the basket, elbow one’s way, ups and downs, many ifs;
第二章：英汉语言现象比较
As you know, our native language Chinese is quite
different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target
。
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
天净沙· 秋思 [元]· 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家。 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下， 断肠人在天涯
。
Withered vines hanging on old branches, Returning crows croaking at dusk. A few houses hidden past a narrow bridge And below the bridge a quiet creek running. Down a worn path, in the west wind, A lean horse comes plodding. The sun dips down in the west And the lovesick traveler is still at the end of the world.
• I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o'clock in the morning. • 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十 点以前交卷。
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
What is a cat?
英语中也有主谓式，但较少：eyestrain, heartburn, face-ache 英语中也有动宾式或动补式，但一样较少：do-all, breakneck, make-peace
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
Conversion:
一棵大树， 十年树人；
出售油漆，油漆门窗；
鸡鸭鱼肉，鱼肉百姓；
他在办公室，他在办公室打电话；
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
I. Language Families (语系)
English ------ the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family(印欧语系).
Chinese ------- the Sino-Tibetan language family（汉藏语 系).
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
Derivation: 前缀 （Prefix）
反— 反动，反攻， 反驳，反问，反腐败，反法西斯； 可— 可亲，可爱，可口，可调整，可怜兮兮； 某些相当于英语的后缀－able, 和－ful: shameful, reliable, hateful, pitiful, fearful, valuable, considerable, …
安全第一，不太安全；
今天真热，把饭热一下；
廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
Derivation:
前缀 （Prefix） 超— 超人，超额，超支，超音速，超短波； 非— 非人，非常，非原则，非正式，非军事化， 无— 无视，无限，无线电，无名氏，无疑； 汉语中的“非”，“无”相当于英语中的前缀un-,in-, il- 和后缀-less: invalid, inorganic, unconscious, unmatched, informal, illegal, endless, fearless, merciless,
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
II. Word-building
The major ways of word-building in English are composition, conversion, and derivation (affixation). And in Chinese we have the same major ways.
译文1：
我爱我的爱人为了一个E，因为ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้是Enticing (迷人的)；我 恨我的爱人为了一个E, 因为她是Engaged (订了婚的)。我用我 的爱人象征Exquisite (美妙)， 我劝我的爱人从事Elopement （董秋斯）
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(私奔)，她的名字是Emily (爱弥丽)，她的住处在East (东方)。
Unit 2：Comparison between English and Chinese
Teaching aims: to learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English in vocabulary and sentences so as to translate them accurately. 1. Comparative studies of language family 2. Equivalence of semantic meaning; 3. Identify the differences in part of speeches between Chinese and English 4. Understand the differences in sentence structure.
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others. 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他 一个人，还有其他许多人。
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
• It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run my read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their won minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection. • 认为自己的思想深邃，不可能表达得很清楚，让 任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的 作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏 精确思考的能力。
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第二章：英汉语言现象比较
练习： I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an e’lopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield)