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医学专业英语--词汇


Some common prefixes from Latin
insomnia (失眠) in somnia睡梦 indigestion(消化不良) ante(before) antenatal (出生前的) pre(before) prealveolar (牙槽前的) prediastole(舒张前期) post(after) postmortem (死后) postpartum (产后) intra intracellular (细胞内的) intravenous (静脉内的) in (without)
3) two bases with the same meaning. ( one from Greek, one from Latin) synonym: denote the same object, process, condition, or function


extradental (牙外的) extraoral(口外的) in ( into) inoculation (接种) invasion (入侵) ex (out of ) excretion (排泄) expiration(呼气;终止) sub ( below, under) subnormal (低于正常 的 sublingual(舌下的) infra (below, beneath) infrasonic(听阈下的) infrapsychic(精神阈下的) extra (outside)
Hale Waihona Puke
optometrist (验光师) Urology泌尿学 Hydrotherapy水疗法 Auriscope耳镜 Centigrade摄氏 Milimeter毫米 Pelvimeter骨盆测量器
prefix and suffix Some common prefixes from Greek a an (without) anemia (贫血) anaerobe (厌氧细菌) pro (before) proenzyme (前酶; 酶原) prognosis (预后) meta (after) metapneumonic (肺炎后的) metastasis (转移) endo (inside) endocrine (内分泌) endoderm (内皮) ecto (outside) ectopia (异位) ectocardia (异位心)


Words coming from Latin
human body anatomy cerebrum (脑) ala (翼) pelvis(骨盆) plexus(丛) function or status rigor( 寒战) stupor
cornea (角膜) plica (皱襞) nausea
Word Epigraphic碑文 的 Atrophy萎缩 Root graph troph Meaning writing nourishing
Some examples of roots (bases)
Word Lobotomy额叶 切除术 Root Lob(e) Meaning A subdivision of a bodily organ or part bounded by fissures, connective tissue, or other structural boundaries.

A highly contagious disease of the respiratory system, usually affecting children, that is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is characterized in its advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep, noisy inspirations. Also called pertussis 百日咳
Word
Root
Meaning
Urology泌尿学
ur(ine)
Irotomy虹膜切开术
ir(is)
waste, fluid, acid product secreted by the kidneys pigmented, round, contractile membrane of the eye,
en, em (in, into) endemic(地方性的) exo (out of ) exocrine (外分泌) hypo (under, below) hypothermia (低温) hypothyroidism(甲状腺机能减退) hyper(over, above) hyperdontia(牙过多) peri (around) pericardium (心包)
Some common suffixes from Greek

ia (状态) anorexia(厌食) ism(状态,理论) autism (孤僻症) giantism(巨型) osis (状态,增多) leukocytosis(白细胞增多)

phobia,
Competing forms


also called duplication. use both Greek and Latin as sources for medical word bases. three types of competing forms : 1) those that have the same base but different combing vowels; 2) two forms of the same base; 3) two bases with the same meaning.( one from Greek, one from Latin)
para (beside, near) paramedical (准医学的) anti(against) antibiotic(抗生素) antipyretic(退热剂) syn, sym, syl (together, with) syndrome (综合症) symbiosis (共生) epi(on) epidemic (流行病)
Basic Elements of Medical Words-1
origin of medical English words
1. from common English 2. from Latin
3. from Greek
4. coinage

1. words coming from common English: whooping cough百日咳

Fever发热;
short-sight近视 ;

consumption 肺痨(消耗) nettle rash; 风疹 stroke; 中风 baldness;


indigestion; 消化不良
Swelling肿; Rabies狂犬病;
blister; 水疱,砂眼
measles麻疹 windpipe气管
humerus ( 肱骨)
fossa (窝)
tonus (肌肉 的强直性, 强直 性痉挛)



capita (头) cervix (颈) bronchus (支气管) Abdomen腹部,腹腔 brachium (臂) aorta (主动脉) os (骨)
cutis (真皮) fascia (筋膜) corpus genu (膝) vertebra(椎骨) remember them: labium (唇) sinus(窦)
basic elements of medical words
1. root (base) 2. affixes: prefixes suffixes 3. Vowels元音 that’s join the parts above mentioned
Some examples of roots (bases)
in (素) insulin(胰岛素) fibrin(纤维素) gen, genic, genesis (原;产生:::的;产生) fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原) lactogenic(乳生成的) tropic, tropism (亲:::的;促:::的) hydrotropic(向水的)

phobic (恐怖) hydrophobia (恐水病) philia, philic chromophilia (嗜染性) photophilic (嗜光的)

stoma (口,小空) soma(身体,躯干) glottis (声门)

larynx (喉) nephron(肾单位) rachis (脊柱) pharynx (咽) phalanx (指骨)


derma (真皮)

coinage

Tularemia ( Tulare; a place in California) (土拉菌病,兔热病;野兔病)
heart kidney
pericardiotomy 心包 切开术
cardio
nephrotomy肾切开术 nephr


The combing vowel Find the combing vowels in the following words:
geograph y地理 Metropolis大都市 Orthodox正统的 Monotonous单调的 Anthology诗集
1) those that have the same base but different
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