Lecture Seven
Translation Techniques (1) Selection and Extension
Introduction to the techniques of translation
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• Techniques of translation:
1. selection of word meaning 2.extension of word meaning 3. amplification and omission 3.conversion of parts of speeches and sentence structures 4.long sentence translation
IV. Extension of word meaning
三、改换说法 1. During the first part of his life, Lincoln was a storekeeper and postmaster. 林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。 早年当过店主和邮政局长 • 林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。 2. A network of highways was built from coast to coast. 横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网 建筑了一个公路网。 • 横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。 3. He found that the mercury column measured the predicted height. • 他发现水银柱达到了预期的高度。 他发现水银柱达到了预期的高度。 达到了预期的高度 4. Jets are a new development in aviation. • 喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就。 喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就 新成就。 5. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting. • 死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。 死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。 最短的距离是铸造 引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法 最简便方法。 引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
III. Selection of word meaning
9. To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years. 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦， 但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦， 但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。 10. He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off. 他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。 他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。 11. Every material takes up space. • 一切物质都占有空间。 一切物质都占有空间。 12. No one took up my suggestions. 没人接受我的建议。 没人接受我的建议。 13. He took up acting while he was at college. 他在大学期间对表演发生了兴趣。 他在大学期间对表演发生了兴趣
III. Selection of word meaning
b. Select word meanings according to the context. 1. The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade. • 过去 年我国工业发展迅猛。 过去10年我国工业发展迅猛 年我国工业发展迅猛。 2. To develop the instrument, many experts were invited. 为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。 为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。 3. In developing the design, the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science. 在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。 在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。 4. In order to develop our power industry, we must produce more and pore powerful generators. 为了发展我国的电力工业， 为了发展我国的电力工业， 我们必须生产越来越多的大功率 发电机
IV. Extension of word meaning
二、具体词语抽象化
• 1. The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape. • 帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。 帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。 • 2. Everyone has rain and sunshine (roses and thorns) in their life. • 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
III. Selection of word meaning
4. Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract. (adj.) 同性电荷相斥 异性电荷相吸。 电荷相斥， 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 5. Like the human brain, a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information. (prep.) 计算机像人脑一样， 计算机像人脑一样， 也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器 6. I hope I can operate the machine like you do.( conj.) • 我希望能像你一样操纵机器。 我希望能像 一样操纵机器 操纵机器。 7. All matters such as iron, water, air, and the like are made up of atoms. (conj.) 一切物质，例如铁、 空气等 都是由原子构成的。 • 一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。 8. Like enough, the ship will arrive in port. (ad.) • 这艘船很可能明天进港。 这艘船很可能明天进港。 很可能明天进港
III. Selection of word meaning
a. Select word meanings according to parts of speeches.
1. Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars. (v.) 微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。 微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。 检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力 2. The patient was connected to a television wave monitor. (n.) 病人情况通过波形监视器监视。 病人情况通过波形监视器监视。 监视器监视 3. He likes making chemical experiments. (v.) 他喜欢做化学实验。 喜欢做化学实验。 做化学实验
IV. Extension of word meaning
6. The alternating current does not know such a disadvantage as the direct current does. • 死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。 死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。 • 引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。 引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。 7. If iron is kept moist, rusting is rapid, which might lead us to think that water was the influence causing the corrosion. 死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快， 死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的影响 影响。 起腐独的影响。 引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快， 引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的原因 原因。 起腐独的原因。
III. Selection of word meaning
c. Select word meanings according to speciality. • 1. Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以远距离输送。 电力可以远距离输送。 • 2. China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers. • 尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。 尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。 • 3. 16 is the four power of 2. (27 is the third power of 3.) • 16是2的4次方。 （27是3的3次幂。） 次方。 次幂。） 是 的 次方 是 的 次幂 • 4. What is the power of the engine? • 这台电机的功率 Extension of word meaning
一、抽象词语具体化
• 1. Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike. • 众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。 众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。 • 2. The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green. • 我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。 我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。